Unit 3 List 1 Macromolecules

Question 1

Macro molecule

Answer 1

a molecule containing a very large number of atoms, such as a protein, nucleic acid, or synthetic polymer.

Question 2

Organic

Answer 2

a molecule that contains carbon, often bonded with other elements like hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, or sulfur, and forms the basis of life

Question 3

Monomer

Answer 3

a molecule that can be bonded to other identical molecules to form a polymer.

Question 4

Polymer

Answer 4

a substance that has a molecular structure consisting chiefly or entirely of a large number of similar units bonded together, e.g., many synthetic organic materials used as plastics and resins.

Question 5

Carbohydrates

Answer 5

essential macromolecules that are classified into three subtypes: monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides.

Question 6

Lipids

Answer 6

macromolecules that are made up of long chains of fatty acids, or carbon rings

Question 7

Fatty acids

Answer 7

the building blocks of lipids, which are macromolecules. They are long chains of hydrocarbons with a carboxyl group at one end, forming the basis of fats and oils

Question 8

Protein

Answer 8

composed of long chains of amino acids linked by peptide bonds

Question 9

Amino acids

Answer 9

the fundamental building blocks (monomers) of proteins, which are large, complex macromolecules essential for various biological functions.

Question 10

Enzymes

Answer 10

biological catalysts, mostly proteins, that speed up chemical reactions in cells without being consumed, playing vital roles in digestion, metabolism, and other processes

Question 11

Catalyst

Answer 11

a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without itself undergoing any permanent chemical change.

Question 12

Nucleic acids

Answer 12

a complex organic substance present in living cells, especially DNA or RNA, whose molecules consist of many nucleotides linked in a long chain.

Question 13

Nucleotide

Answer 13

the basic building block of nucleic acids (DNA and RNA), composed of a sugar molecule (ribose or deoxyribose), a phosphate group, and a nitrogen-containing base

Question 14

Hormone

Answer 14

chemical substances that act like messenger molecules in the body.

Question 15

Steroids

Answer 15

chemical substances that act like messenger molecules in the body.

Question 16

Dehydration synthesis

Answer 16

the process where two molecules combine to form a larger molecule, with the removal of a water molecule.

Question 17

Hydrolysis

Answer 17

a chemical process where a compound is broken down by the addition of a water molecule, essentially “cutting” a bond by adding water