unit 3 list 1 CN Flashcards
Macromolecule
a molecule containing a very large number of atoms, such as a protein, nucleic acid, or synthetic polymer.
organic
compounds containing carbon, often with hydrogen, and forming the basis of life.
Monomer
a small, simple molecule that can chemically bond with other similar molecules to form a larger molecule called a polymer.
Polymer
a large molecule (macromolecule) composed of many repeating, smaller units (monomers) linked together by chemical bonds, forming a chain-like or network structure
Carbohydrates
A carbohydrate is a biomolecule composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms. The typical hydrogen-to-oxygen atomic ratio is 2:1, analogous to that of water, and is represented by the empirical formula
Lipids
Lipids are a broad group of organic compounds which include fats, waxes, sterols, fat-soluble vitamins, monoglycerides, diglycerides, phospholipids, and others
Fatty acids
a carboxylic acid with an aliphatic chain, which is either saturated or unsaturated.
protein
Proteins are large biomolecules and macromolecules that comprise one or more long chains of amino acid residues.
Amino acids
mino acids are organic compounds that contain both amino and carboxylic acid functional groups.
Enzymes
An enzyme is a protein that acts as a biological catalyst by accelerating chemical reactions. The molecules upon which enzymes may act are called substrates
catalysis
Catalysis is the increase in rate of a chemical reaction due to an added substance known as a catalyst. Catalysts are not consumed by the reaction and remain unchanged after it
Nucleic acids
Nucleic acids are large biomolecules that are crucial in all cells and viruses. They are composed of nucleotides, which are the monomer components
Nucleotide
a fundamental building block of nucleic acids (DNA and RNA), consisting of a nitrogenous base, a five-carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose), and one or more phosphate groups
Hormone
A hormone is a class of signaling molecules in multicellular organisms that are sent to distant organs or tissues by complex biological processes to regulate physiology and behavior.
Steroids
any of a class of natural or synthetic organic compounds characterized by a molecular structure of 17 carbon atoms arranged in four rings
Dehydration synthesis
In chemistry, a dehydration reaction is a chemical reaction that involves the loss H₂O from the reacting molecule or ion. This reaction results in the release of the H₂O as water.
Hydrolysis
Hydrolysis is any chemical reaction in which a molecule of water breaks one or more chemical bonds. The term is used broadly for substitution, elimination, and solvation reactions in which water is the nucleophile
