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Biology > Unit 3 - Life on Earth > Flashcards

Unit 3 - Life on Earth Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Food Chain definition

A

The sequence of what eats what in a community

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2
Q

Food Web

A

The network of interrelated food chains in a community

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3
Q

Carnivore

A

An organism that eats animals

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4
Q

Herbivore

A

An organism that eats plants

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5
Q

Omnivore

A

An organism that eats both animals and plants

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6
Q

Producer

A

A plant that produces chemical energy by photosynthesis

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7
Q

Primary Consumer

A

An organism that eats a producer

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8
Q

Secondary Consumer

A

An organism that eats a primary consumer

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9
Q

Tertiary Consumer

A

An organism that eats a secondary consumer

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10
Q

Quaternary Consumer

A

An organism that eats a tertiary consumer

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11
Q

Predator

A

An organism that hunts for its food.

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12
Q

Prey

A

An organism which is hunted

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13
Q

Population

A

The number of organisms of the same species in an area

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14
Q

Community

A

All of the organisms living in a habitat

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15
Q

Ecosystem

A

All the organisms (community) living in a particular habitat and the non living components (abiotic factors) that affect them

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16
Q

Abiotic

A

A non living factor which can affect an organism

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17
Q

Biotic

A

A living factor that affects an organism

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18
Q

Species

A

A group of similar organisms which interbreed to produce fertile offspring

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19
Q

Biodiversity

A

The variety of species in an area.

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20
Q

Habitat

A

The area in which an organism or group of organisms live.

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21
Q

Niche

A

A role that an organism plays within a community

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22
Q

Features of a niche - Resources / Conditions

A

Light, Nutrients availability, Temperature

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23
Q

Features of a niche - Interactions

A

Competitions, Predation, Parasitism

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24
Q

What do plants compete for

A

Light, water, nutrients, space to grow

25
Q

What do animals compete for

A

Food, territory, water, mates

26
Q

Interspecific Competition

A

Individuals of a different species competing for one or a few resources required

27
Q

Intraspecific Competition

A

Individuals of the same species competing for all resources required

28
Q

Abiotic Factors

A

Light intensity
Moisture
pH
Temperature

29
Q

Biotic Factors

A

Grazing
Predation
Disease
Food Availability
Competition for resources

30
Q

Sampling for small insects

A

Pitfall trap

31
Q

Sampling for number of organisms

A

Quadrats

32
Q

Sampling for soil moisture

A

Moisture meter

33
Q

Sampling for pH

A

pH meter

34
Q

Sampling for Light

A

Light meter

35
Q

Sampling temperature

A

Thermometer

36
Q

Pitfall Limitations

A

Only measures insects in the trap, not any species outside

37
Q

Ways to reduce pitfall limitations

A

Increase the number of pitfall traps in an area
Ensure the trap is steep enough

38
Q

Moisture meter limitations

A

Prope not deep enough

Not wiping down between measurements

39
Q

pH meter limitations

A

Probe not being wiped down after uses

40
Q

Ways to reduce moisture limitations

A

Wipe down probe after each use

41
Q

Light meter limitations

A

Shadow being casted on probe

42
Q

Ways to reduce light limitations

A

Put light meter south

Keep meter out of shade

43
Q

Temperature limitations

A

Not being allowed to adjust to the new temperature

44
Q

Ways to reduce temp limitations

A

Give time for thermometer to adjust

45
Q

Finding the diversity of living things on a line

A

Transect sampling

46
Q

Indicator Species

A

Species that indicate the levels of pollution by their presence or absence

47
Q

Stage 1 photosynthesis name

A

Light Reaction

48
Q

Stage 2 photosynthesis

A

carbon fixation

49
Q

Light reaction

A

Light energy trapped by chlorophyll

Converted into chemical energy (then ATP)

Water is split into O2 and H

Oxygen diffuses out of the cell

50
Q

Carbon Fixation

A

A series of enzyme controlled reactions where Hydrogen, ATP and CO2 are used ot make glucose

51
Q

Glucose uses in cell

A

Starch (storage)

Cellulose (structure)

52
Q

Limiting Factors

A

CO2 Concentration

Light Intensity

Temperature

53
Q

What limits the rate of photosynthesis

A

Whatever is in least supply (called limiting factors)

54
Q

Where is the majority of energy lost in each level of the food chain

A

Heat

Movement

Undigested Materials

55
Q

What is the small quantity of energy not lost in the food chain used for

A

Growth

56
Q

What is a pyramid of numbers

A

Looks at the total number of organisms in the food chain, bottom to top

57
Q

What shapes to the biological pyramids make

A

Larger at the bottom to smaller at the top, unless a large producer such as a tree, or parasite at the top of chain

58
Q

What is a pyramid of energy

A

Measures how much energy is in each part of the food chain.

Biology (3 decks)

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