Unit 3 - Life On Earth

Question 1

What is Habituation?

Answer 1

Behaviour when an animal learns to stop responding to a repeated harmless stimulus.

Question 2

What is Imprinting?

Answer 2

Learning process by which a newborn animal recognises and is attracted to its parents.

Question 3

What is Migration?

Answer 3

A pattern of behaviour in which animals travel from one habitat to another in search of food, better conditions or reproduction needs.

Question 4

What is the Nitrogen Cycle?

Answer 4

A sequence of events or processes involved in the recycling of nitrogen.

Question 5

What are Decomposers?

Answer 5

Organisms such as bacteria and fungi that are responsible for the breakdown of dead organic material.

Question 6

What are Nitrogen-fixing bacteria?

Answer 6

Bacteria found in soil or in the root nodules of some plants and that convert nitrogen gas into nitrates.

Question 7

What is an Ecosystem?

Answer 7

A living community and its physical environment.

Question 8

What is a Habitat?

Answer 8

The place an organism lives.

Question 9

What is a Community?

Answer 9

All the organisms living in a habitat.

Question 10

What is a Population?

Answer 10

The members of a species living in a defined area of a habitat.

Question 11

What is Biodiversity?

Answer 11

The abundance of different species in a particular area.

Question 12

What are some examples of Biotic factors?

Answer 12

• Predation
• Disease
• Competition
• Grazing

Question 13

What are some examples of Abiotic factors?

Answer 13

• Light intensity
• Soil moisture
• Temperature
• pH

Question 14

What is a quadrat?

Answer 14

A quadrat is a square frame divided into smaller squares.

Question 15

Give 3 examples of organisms whose abundance could be measured using a quadrat?

Answer 15

Any slow moving or non-moving organism.
1. Limpets
2. Daisies
3. Seaweed

Question 16

What is the photosynthesis equation?

Answer 16

Carbon dioxide + Water&raquo_space;> Glucose + Oxygen

Question 17

Name 3 things that a plant can use the sugar made in photosynthesis for?

Answer 17

1. Starch (storage)
2. Cellulose (structural)
3. Energy source for respiration

Question 18

Describe the test that can be used to test for the presence of starch?

Answer 18

Iodine - turns from orange/red to blue/black in the presence of starch.

Question 19

What are some examples of human activities that affect biodiversity?

Answer 19

• Deforestation
• Mining
• Pollution
• Overfishing

Question 20

What are some examples of natural disasters that can affect biodiversity?

Answer 20

• Earthquakes
• Floods
• Drought
• Volcanic Activity

Question 21

What is an adaption?

Answer 21

A feature of an organism that helps it to survive.

Question 22

Example of a Structural adaption?

Answer 22

• White coat is polar bears
• Long eyelashes in camels

Question 23

Example of a Physiological adaption?

Answer 23

• Salmon kidney can later filter rates so fish can cope with fresh and salt water

Question 24

Example of a Behavioural adaption?

Answer 24

• Camels drink huge volumes of water at once
• Salmon migrate between fresh water and the sea

Question 25

What is removed from the soil when crops are harvested?

Answer 25

Nitrogen

Question 26

What replaces nitrogen when crops are harvested to improve crop yield?

Answer 26

Fertilisers

Question 27

List 3 examples of natural fertilisers?

Answer 27

1. Manure 2. Compost 3. Peat

Question 28

What type of fertilisers are produced in factories from inorganic substances?

Answer 28

Artificial fertilisers

Question 29

What is an algal bloom?

Answer 29

An algal bloom is a rapid growth of microscopic algae in water.

Question 30

Name 5 commercial uses of plants?

Answer 30

1. Food: Rice, wheat 2. Fuels: Bioethanol, biodiesel 3. Raw materials: Timber for building, paper etc 4. Pharmaceuticals: Aspirin, morphine, quinine 5. Pharming: Vaccines for HIV are hepatitis B

Question 31

Advantage of natural fertilisers?

Answer 31

Release nitrate slowly, inexpensive

Question 32

Disadvantage of natural fertilisers?

Answer 32

Contains low quantity of nitrogen, application is labour intensive

Question 33

Advantage of artificial fertilisers?

Answer 33

High quality nutrients, released into soil quickly

Question 34

Disadvantage of artificial fertilisers?

Answer 34

Expensive, environmental damage

Question 35

4 examples of things that can be done to reduce the effects of human activities on biodiversity?

Answer 35

1. Nature reserves 2. Breeding programmes 3. Reintroduction schemes 4. Protection laws

Question 36

What is the difference between innate and learned behaviour?

Answer 36

Innate behaviour is instinctive. Learned behaviour can only be performed by individuals who have learned it, not all the members of the species

Question 37

The production of what type of substance requires nitrogen?

Answer 37

Proteins

Question 38

List some producers?

Answer 38

Oak leaf, acorn, leaf litter

Question 39

What do the arrows in a food chain represent?

Answer 39

Direction of energy flow

Question 40

Name some organisms that is both predator and prey?

Answer 40

Weasel, ladybird, shrew