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S3 Biology > Unit 3 - Life On Earth > Flashcards

Unit 3 - Life On Earth Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is Habituation?

A

Behaviour when an animal learns to stop responding to a repeated harmless stimulus.

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2
Q

What is Imprinting?

A

Learning process by which a newborn animal recognises and is attracted to its parents.

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3
Q

What is Migration?

A

A pattern of behaviour in which animals travel from one habitat to another in search of food, better conditions or reproduction needs.

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4
Q

What is the Nitrogen Cycle?

A

A sequence of events or processes involved in the recycling of nitrogen.

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5
Q

What are Decomposers?

A

Organisms such as bacteria and fungi that are responsible for the breakdown of dead organic material.

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6
Q

What are Nitrogen-fixing bacteria?

A

Bacteria found in soil or in the root nodules of some plants and that convert nitrogen gas into nitrates.

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7
Q

What is an Ecosystem?

A

A living community and its physical environment.

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8
Q

What is a Habitat?

A

The place an organism lives.

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9
Q

What is a Community?

A

All the organisms living in a habitat.

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10
Q

What is a Population?

A

The members of a species living in a defined area of a habitat.

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11
Q

What is Biodiversity?

A

The abundance of different species in a particular area.

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12
Q

What are some examples of Biotic factors?

A
  • Predation
  • Disease
  • Competition
  • Grazing
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13
Q

What are some examples of Abiotic factors?

A
  • Light intensity
  • Soil moisture
  • Temperature
  • pH
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14
Q

What is a quadrat?

A

A quadrat is a square frame divided into smaller squares.

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15
Q

Give 3 examples of organisms whose abundance could be measured using a quadrat?

A

Any slow moving or non-moving organism.
1. Limpets
2. Daisies
3. Seaweed

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16
Q

What is the photosynthesis equation?

A

Carbon dioxide + Water&raquo_space;> Glucose + Oxygen

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17
Q

Name 3 things that a plant can use the sugar made in photosynthesis for?

A
  1. Starch (storage)
  2. Cellulose (structural)
  3. Energy source for respiration
18
Q

Describe the test that can be used to test for the presence of starch?

A

Iodine - turns from orange/red to blue/black in the presence of starch.

19
Q

What are some examples of human activities that affect biodiversity?

A
  • Deforestation
  • Mining
  • Pollution
  • Overfishing
20
Q

What are some examples of natural disasters that can affect biodiversity?

A
  • Earthquakes
  • Floods
  • Drought
  • Volcanic Activity
21
Q

What is an adaption?

A

A feature of an organism that helps it to survive.

22
Q

Example of a Structural adaption?

A
  • White coat is polar bears
  • Long eyelashes in camels
23
Q

Example of a Physiological adaption?

A
  • Salmon kidney can later filter rates so fish can cope with fresh and salt water
24
Q

Example of a Behavioural adaption?

A
  • Camels drink huge volumes of water at once
  • Salmon migrate between fresh water and the sea
25
Q

What is removed from the soil when crops are harvested?

A

Nitrogen

26
Q

What replaces nitrogen when crops are harvested to improve crop yield?

A

Fertilisers

27
Q

List 3 examples of natural fertilisers?

A
  1. Manure
  2. Compost
  3. Peat
28
Q

What type of fertilisers are produced in factories from inorganic substances?

A

Artificial fertilisers

29
Q

What is an algal bloom?

A

An algal bloom is a rapid growth of microscopic algae in water.

30
Q

Name 5 commercial uses of plants?

A
  1. Food: Rice, wheat
  2. Fuels: Bioethanol, biodiesel
  3. Raw materials: Timber for building, paper etc
  4. Pharmaceuticals: Aspirin, morphine, quinine
  5. Pharming: Vaccines for HIV are hepatitis B
31
Q

Advantage of natural fertilisers?

A

Release nitrate slowly, inexpensive

32
Q

Disadvantage of natural fertilisers?

A

Contains low quantity of nitrogen, application is labour intensive

33
Q

Advantage of artificial fertilisers?

A

High quality nutrients, released into soil quickly

34
Q

Disadvantage of artificial fertilisers?

A

Expensive, environmental damage

35
Q

4 examples of things that can be done to reduce the effects of human activities on biodiversity?

A
  1. Nature reserves
  2. Breeding programmes
  3. Reintroduction schemes
  4. Protection laws
36
Q

What is the difference between innate and learned behaviour?

A

Innate behaviour is instinctive. Learned behaviour can only be performed by individuals who have learned it, not all the members of the species

37
Q

The production of what type of substance requires nitrogen?

A

Proteins

38
Q

List some producers?

A

Oak leaf, acorn, leaf litter

39
Q

What do the arrows in a food chain represent?

A

Direction of energy flow

40
Q

Name some organisms that is both predator and prey?

A

Weasel, ladybird, shrew

S3 Biology (1 decks)

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