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Biology > Unit 3 - Life on Earth > Flashcards

Unit 3 - Life on Earth Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Omnivore

A

An organism that eats plant and animal material.

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2
Q

Herbivore

A

An organism that eats plant material only

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3
Q

Carnivore

A

An organism that eats animal material only

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4
Q

Food Web

A

A diagram which shows interconnected food chains

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5
Q

Food chain

A

A diagram which shows the transfer of energy between organisms

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6
Q

Prey

A

An animal which is hunted and killed for food by a predator

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7
Q

Predator

A

An animal which hunts and killer other animals for food

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8
Q

Producer

A

A green plant that makes its own energy using sunlight

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9
Q

Consumer

A

An animal that eats another organism

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10
Q

Species

A

A group of organisms that can interbreed to produce fertile offspring

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11
Q

Population

A

All the members of one species living in a habitat

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12
Q

Biodiversity

A

The number and abundance of species

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13
Q

Niche

A

The role that an organism plays within a community

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14
Q

Ecosystem

A

All the organisms living in a particular area and the non living components with which they interact

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15
Q

Interspecific

A

Competition between different species for one or a few resources

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16
Q

Intraspecific

A

Competition between organisms of the same species for all resources

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17
Q

Biotic Factor

A

Living factors which affect biodiversity

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18
Q

Abiotic Factor

A

Non living factors which affect biodiversity

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19
Q

Light Meter errors

A

Blocking it with your shadow

20
Q

Moisture/pH meter errors

A

Not wiping the probe between uses

21
Q

Pitfall trap errors

A

Top should be flush with the soil surface
Checked regularly

22
Q

Biotic Factor Examples

A

Disease, competition, grazing, predatation

23
Q

Abiotic Factor Examples

A

Light Intensity, Soil moisture, pH, temperature

24
Q

Indicator Species

A

Indicator species are species that by their presence or absence indicate environmental quality/levels of pollution.

25
Q

Name of Stage 1 of photosynthesis

A

Light Reactions

26
Q

Name of stage 2 of photosynthesis

A

Carbon Fixation

27
Q

Stage 1 explained

A

the light energy from the sun is trapped by chlorophyll in the chloroplasts and is converted into chemical energy which is used to generate ATP. Water is split to produce hydrogen and oxygen. Oxygen diffuses from the cell.

28
Q

Stage 2 explained

A

a series of enzyme-controlled reactions, which use hydrogen and ATP (produced by the light reactions) with carbon dioxide to produce sugar.

29
Q

Word summary of photosynthesis

A

Carbon dioxide + water ———-) (light energy) glucose + oxygen

30
Q

Uses of glucose

A

Starch - storage. Cellulose - structural. Instantly for respiration

31
Q

Limiting factors

A

Carbon dioxide concentration, light intensity or temperature

32
Q

Losses of energy in a food chain

A

Undigested materials, movement or heat. 90% is lost

33
Q

Quadrats error

A

Must be randomised (throw)

34
Q

What does an increasing human population need?

A

Increased food yield

35
Q

Use of fertilisers

A

Increase nitrates which are used to make amino acids/ plant proteins

36
Q

Leaching

A

Fertilisers leach into fresh water causing algal blooms. When the algae runs out of nutrients it die and bacteria eats the dead algae using us oxygen causent the oxygen levels to reduce

37
Q

Bioaccumulation

A

Pesticides accumulate in the bodies of organisms. As they are passed along food chains, toxicity increases.

38
Q

Alternatives to pesticides or fertilisers

A

GM Crops and biological control

39
Q

Mutation

A

A random change to genetic material. Neutral, advantage or disadvantage. Random and the only form of new alleles

40
Q

Causes of increased rate of mutation

A

Radiation- x rays
Chemical - agent orange

41
Q

Variation in a population

A

Makes it possible for a population to evolve over time in response to changing environmental conditions

42
Q

Natural selection

A

Species produce more offspring than the environment can sustain. Selection pressures pick off the weakest. The best adapted survive to pass of their favourable alleles

43
Q

Speciation

A

Occurs when part of a population becomes isolated by an isolation barrier. Mutations occur in each sub population . Natural selection selects different mutations in each group due to different selection pressures. The sub populations evolve to become genetically different and therefore two species.

44
Q

Isolation barrier

A

Geological- river ocean mountains
Ecological - pH, salinity, temp

45
Q

How do you know when speciation has taken place.

A

They cannot interbreed to produce fertile offspring.

Biology (1 decks)

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