Unit 3 Lesson 4-5 Flashcards
______________ ______________ causes surface currents north and south of the equator to move in different directions.
Coriolis effect
_______ water is more dense than _______ water
Cold; warm
Because of the Coriolis effect, ocean water moves _________ in the northern hemisphere, and ________ in the Southern Hemisphere.
Right; clockwise
Left; counterclockwise
What 3 factors most directly affect surface currents in the ocean
Continental deflection, Coriolis effect, and global winds
The______ is the source of energy for ocean currents
Sun
The coriolis effect is caused by
Earths rotation
What factors are responsible for the formation of deep currents
Salinity and temperature of the water
Convection currents formed in the sea are caused by
Differences in water density
How would surface currents be different if the earth did not have continents
Surface currents would travel in regular shaped curves
When upwelling takes place, the number of _________ near the surface of the ocean increases
Phytoplankton
A surface current is the horizontal movement of ocean water that is caused by______
Wind
Describe how the movement of ocean water is produced
The sun causes uneven heating which leads to differences in air pressure. This causes the wind which moves the water at the surface of the ocean.
The bouncing back of the surface currents when they hit the land is called
Continental deflection
How is heat involved in the formation of convection currents
When water looses heat, it becomes denser and sinks
An increase in density caused by increase in ________ leads to deep ocean currents
Salinity
Which type of ocean water movement has the greatest effect of the growth of producers
Upwelling
The _____ is responsible for the uneven heating of the earth
Sun
__________ ________causes the coriolis effect
Earths rotation
The _______ _______ are found between the equator and 30
Trade winds
The ______ ______ blow to the west and are found between 60 and 90
Polar easterlies
The ________ blow to the east and are found between 30 and 60
Westerlies
The ______ ______ consist of high speed winds that blow in the upper atmosphere and move weather quickly
Jet streams
____ _______ form during the day and blow toward the land
Sea breeze
_______ ___________ form at night and blow toward the sea
Land breeze
__________ ______ move short distances and are variable
Local winds
The coriolis effect causes objects to move to the ________ in the northern hemisphere and to the ________ in the Southern Hemisphere
Right: east
Left; west
The trade winds divide equatorial currents from the ______ to the _________
East
West
What causes differences in wind speed
Pressure differences caused by uneven heating of the earths surface by the sun
__________ ________ form during the day and blow up the mountain
Valley breeze
_____________ __________ form at night and blow toward the valley
Mountain breeze
Air moves from ________ __________ to _____ __________
High pressure
Low pressure
How are winds named
By the direction in which they blow
What causes air circulation in earths atmosphere
Temperature differences
Surface winds are weak at the ____________, which is a narrow zone around the equator
Doldrums
The weak winds located at 30 are known as the ______________ __________
Horse latitudes
________ ________ are stream like movements of water in the ocean
Ocean currents
________ _________ are ocean currents that occur at or near the surface of the ocean
Surface currents
The Gulf Stream is a ________ ________
Surface current
Surface currents are affected by _____________ _________, the ____________ __________ and _________ _____
Continental deflection, coriolis effect, and global winds
When surface currents meet __________, they are deflected and change direction
Continents
The deflection of moving objects from a straight path due to earths rotation is the ________ ________
Coriolis effect
In the Northern Hemisphere, currents are deflected to the __________. In the Southern Hemisphere, currents are deflected to the __________
East/right
West/left
_________ _________ can push ocean water across earths surface to create surface currents
Global winds
The major source of energy that powers surface currents is the ______
Sun
The sun causes differences in ___________ across the Earth, which causes differences in ___________
Temperature
Pressure
_________ form as a result of differences in air pressure and create surface currents
Winds
_______ __________ are movements of ocean water below the surface caused by differences in density
Deep currents
_________ is the amount of matter in a given space of volume
Density
___________ and _________ cause differing ocean water densities
Temperature
Salinity
____________ is a measure of the amount of dissolved salts of solids in a liquid
Salinity
Higher salinity makes water more _______
Dense
Dense water _________ and can form deep water currents that flow along the ocean floor or on another layer of denser water
Sinks
__________ _________ in the ocean are the movement of water that results in density differences
Convection currents
Convection currents can be ___________,__________ or__________
Vertical, circular or cyclical
Water at the oceans surface absorbs energy from the ________, which can be carried to _________ regions
Sun
Colder
As warm water reaches a colder region, it _______ and ______
Cools and sinks
As warm water moves away, cold water can ______ from the bottom of the ocean, and the cycle continues
Rise
_________ is the process n which winds blow warm water away from the shore, allowing cool, nutrient-rich water to rise to the surface
Upwelling
Upwelling supplies ________ necessary for ocean life to grow
Nutrients
Ocean currents can carry __________ to other regions of earth.
Organisms
Ocean currents release energy into the atmosphere, making currents an important influence on ________
Climate
Ocean water also transports _________,__________ and ________ to new locations
Salt
Nutrients
Gases
Turtles, coconuts, and phytoplankton all ride ______ __________ in the ocean
Ocean currents
Synonym for prevailing
Permanent
The golf stream is one __________ of the global conveyor belt
Segment
