unit 3 lesson 3 Flashcards
What causes deformation in rocks?
The movement of tectonic plates causes stress on rock structures.
Stress is defined as the amount of force per unit area placed on an object.
What is deformation?
Deformation is the process by which rocks change shape when under stress.
What are the two common types of folds?
- Synclines
- Anticlines
In a syncline, where are the youngest layers of rock located?
At the core of the fold.
In an anticline, where are the oldest layers of rock located?
At the core of the fold.
What is a fault plane?
The location where two fault blocks meet.
What are the three types of stress in tectonic plates?
- Compression
- Tension
- Shear Stress
What are the three main kinds of faults?
- Reverse faults
- Normal faults
- Strike-slip faults
What forms when rocks undergo compression?
Reverse faults.
What forms when rocks are under tension?
Normal faults.
What happens in a strike-slip fault?
The fault blocks move past each other horizontally.
What are the three types of plate boundaries?
- Convergent boundaries
- Divergent boundaries
- Transform boundaries
What occurs at a convergent boundary?
Two plates collide.
What occurs at a divergent boundary?
Two plates move away from each other.
What occurs at a transform boundary?
Two plates move past each other horizontally.
What are the three kinds of mountains?
- Folded Mountains
- Volcanic Mountains
- Fault-Block Mountains
How do folded mountains form?
When rock layers are squeezed together and pushed upward.
What are volcanic mountains formed from?
Melted rock that erupts onto Earth’s surface.
What are fault-block mountains formed from?
Tension making the lithosphere break into normal faults.
What is a volcano?
Any place where gas, ash, or melted rock comes out of the ground.
What determines the type of volcanic landforms created?
The location of a volcano and composition of magma.
What are the types of volcanic landforms?
- Shield volcanoes
- Cinder cones
- Composite volcanoes
- Lava plateaus
- Craters
- Calderas
What is the viscosity of lava?
The resistance to flow.
Where do volcanoes commonly form?
At plate boundaries or within the middle of a plate.
What types of volcanoes are likely to occur at divergent plate boundaries?
- Fissure eruptions
- Shield volcanoes
What type of volcanoes can occur at convergent plate boundaries?
Composite volcanoes.
What is the Ring of Fire?
A name for the numerous explosive volcanoes that form on convergent plate boundaries surrounding the Pacific Ocean.
What happens to magma at convergent boundaries?
It has a high concentration of fluids, forming gas bubbles.
What are hot spots?
Locations far from plate boundaries where a mantle plume rises and produces volcanoes.
