Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Emergency Medicine > Unit 3 Lecture 2 > Flashcards

Unit 3 Lecture 2 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Royal College: Emergency Medicine flashcards
1
Q

Risk factors for ischemic heart disease

A

male sex, age >55, family hx of CAD, DM, hypercholesterolemia, HTN, tobacco use

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

sxs of angina

A

pressure, heaviness, tightness, fullness; radiate to shoulder, arms, eck or jaw

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

PE of angina

A

tachycardia, HYPERtension, S3/S4, new/changed murmur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are some anginal equivalents

A

exertional dyspnea, nausea, diaphoresis, fatigue, dizziness (these are more common in the elderly and DM patients)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

length of time for stable angina

A

substernal chest pain lasting 2-5 minutes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

tx of stable angina

A

nitrates SL x 3 doses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

first line for chronic angina

A

beta blockers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

indicated for pts who dont respond to nitrates and beta blockers

A

Ca channel blockers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

dx of angina

A

12 lead EKG, stress testing, coronary angiography

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

when is an exercise stress test stopped

A

development of chest pain, dyspnea, ST depression >2mm, decreased systolic pressure >10mmHg or ventricular dysrhythmias

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

medication used for pharmacologic stress echo

A

dobutamine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is radionuclide myocardial perfusion imaging

A
  • obtain rest images
  • exercise/pharm stress induced
  • radioactive tracer administered
  • look for perfusion defect
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

gold standard for dx CAD

A

coronary angiography

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

disposition for low risk patients with normal EKG

A

observe, serial cardiac enzymes, stress test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is variant angina

A

episodes of angina (5-15 min) usually at rest and often b/t midnight and early morning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

dx of variant angina

A

coronary angiography

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

tx of variant angina

A

nitrates and Ca channel blockers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

STEMI tx

A

ABCs, cardiac monitoring, IV access, MONA, revascularization with fibriniolytics, PCI, or CABG

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

contraindications to thrombolytics

A

hx of hemorrhagic CVA, hx of ischemic CVA in last 3mo, presence of cerevral vascular malformation or malignancy, suspected aortic dissection, active internal bleeding, significant closed-head or facial trauma within the preceding 3 mon.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

NSTEMI/UA management

A

ABCs, cardiac monitoring, IV access, MONA, no thrombolytics!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

peri-infarction pericarditis

A

pericarditis in the first 2-3 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

PE of peri-infarctin pericarditis

A

pericardial rub

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

tx of peri-infarction pericarditis

A

supportive, ASA+colchicine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

labs for pericarditis

A

leukocytosis, elevated ESR, elevated troponin with no elevation of CK

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

ekg of pericarditis

A

ST elevation, PR segment depression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

tx of pericarditis

A

NSAIDs and colchicine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Dressler’s syndrome

A

develops weeks to months post MI

28
Q

tx of dressler’s syndrom

A

NSAIDs

-corticosteroids or colcichine if refractory

29
Q

signs/sxs of myocarditis

A

prodrome, fever, rigors, myalgias, chest discomfort, exertional dyspnea

30
Q

EKG findings of myocarditis

A

non-specific ST/T wave changes, ST elevation, AV blocked, prolonged QT

31
Q

gold standard for dx myocarditis

A

endomyocardial bx

32
Q

tx of myocarditis

A

supportive, limit physical activities

33
Q

hx of endocarditis

A

fever, chills, cough, dyspnea, orthopnea

34
Q

PE of endocarditis

A

palatal, conjunctival or subungual petechiae, splinter hemorrhages, osler nodes, janeway lesions, roth spots, pallor, splenomegaly, new murmur

35
Q

labs for endocarditis

A

blood cultures x3 at least an hour apart

36
Q

duke criteria for definitive dx of endocarditis

A

2 major or 1 major and 3 minor

37
Q

tx of endocarditis

A

empiric abx therapy

38
Q

heart failure clinical presentation

A

dyspnea, fatigue, non productive and nocturnal cough

39
Q

PE of heart failure

A

tachycardia, tachypnea, rales at the base, S3/S3, JVD, LE edema

40
Q

CXR findings for heart failure

A

cardiomegaly, cephalization, kerley B line

41
Q

tx of heart failure

A

ABCs, sublingual nitrates for active chest pain without hypotension, ACE-I, Lasix, sodium restriction

42
Q

ICU admission criteria for heart failure

A

pulmonary edema, cardiogenic shock, concomitant MI or ischemia

43
Q

D/c criteria for heart failure pts

A

mild exacerbation that responds to ED treatment and no other cardiac and pulmonary findings

44
Q

most common type of cardiomyopathy

A

dilated

45
Q

PE of DCM

A

S3 gallop, rales, increased JVP

46
Q

DCM tx

A

abstinence from EtOH, tx underlying ds

47
Q

PE for HCM

A

S4 gallop, systolic murmur, biphasic carotid pulse, jugular venous pulsations

48
Q

tx of HCM

A

beta blockers or CCB, surgery

49
Q

hx c/w RCM

A

decreased exercise tolerance, dyspnea

50
Q

collagen disorders a/w RCM

A

amyloidosis, radiation, DM

51
Q

heart sound heard with RCM

A

S3

52
Q

tx of RCM

A

diuretics

53
Q

diff between hypertensive urgency and emergency

A

emergency a/w acute end-organ damage

54
Q

tx of hypertensive urgency

A

rest, est. pts-increase dose of current meds, new pts-reduce BP over 24-48h

55
Q

tx of hypertensive emergency

A

treat end-organ damage; reduce BP

56
Q

tx of asx carotid disease

A

ASA + statin

57
Q

tx of sx carotid ds with >70%

A

CEA

58
Q

tx of superficial thrombophlebitis

A

local heat

59
Q

DVT tx

A

anticoag (heparin followed by warfarin

60
Q

virchow’s triad

A

stasis, hypercoagulable state, endothelial damage

61
Q

EKG finding for PE

A

S1 Q3 T3

62
Q

CXR findings for PE

A

hamptom’s hump, westermark sign

63
Q

Test of choice for PE in non-pregnant

A

Spiral CT

64
Q

test of choice for PE in pregnancy

A

V/Q perfusion scan

65
Q

gold standard for dx PE

A

pulm. angiography

66
Q

what is well’s criteria used for

A

dx of PE

67
Q

tx of PE

A

O2, IV access, cardiac monitoring, anticoag (heparin, LMWH, warfarin, rivaroxaban)

Emergency Medicine (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions