Unit 3 key terms - Why is society the way it is? Flashcards
Define Symbolic interactionism
1.Human beings act towards things on the basis of the meanings those things have for them 2.Such meanings arise out of the interaction of the individual with others
What are the three perspectives of reality?
Objective, Subjective, Intersubjective
Define an objective reality
Nature doesnt care what anyone thinks
Define a subjective reality
What I think is what matters
Define an intersubjective reality
What we collectively think matters
What is Hierarchy?
the ranking system used in any particular environment based on authority to power
Define deviance
Any behaviour that is different from the societal norm. It is deviant because we, as a society, do not accept it
Define rehabilitation
trying to re-educate and re-socialize inmates so that they can grow to accept society’s values and norms
List the 5 schools of thought in sociology
Neo Marxism, structural functionalism, symbolic interactionism, feminism, inclusionism
Explain Neo Marxism
Economic power leads to political power. social change is the result of a change made to the economic system
Explain structural functionalism
each society should provide its members with the fundamental requirements for functioning. There must be a system of fulfilling needs, a system to socialize and educate, a way to regulate human reproduction.
Explain feminist theory
Women have traditionally been disadvantaged in society because men have discriminated against them
Explain inclusionism
recognized that conflict could take place in a society between ethnic, racial and religious in a society as well as between economic classes. Shift after ww2
Whats obedience
Compliance with an order, request, law, or expectation
Why do people obey?
Socialization and foot in the door affect, confusion about attitudes, buffers
Whats the foot in the door affect
Tendency to give into major demands once they give into minor ones
Explain Buffers?
If shielded from the consequences, people are more likely to follow orders (even immoral ones) Ex) Soldiers (close range or far away)
What happened in Milgrams obediance study?
65 percent of the subjects (26 out of 40) continued to inflict shocks right up to the 450-volt level, despite the learner’s screams, protests, and, at the 330-volt level, disturbing silence.
What is learned from milgrams obediance study?
most people obey authority, even if it means harming others.
What happened at the Stanford prison experiment
It was a two-week simulation of a prison environment that examined the effects of situational variables on participants’ reactions and behaviors.
The lucifer effect
Analyzing how good people turn evil, through exterior conditions
Whats the bystander effect
individuals are less likely to offer help to a victim in the presence of other people.
Components of the bystander effect
Situational ambiguity, Diffusion of responsibility, perceived cost, similarity, mood, gender, social norms, attributions of the cause of need
define situational ambiguity
a lack of clarity or certainty in a social situation, which can lead individuals to be unsure about how to respond or what actions to take.
define diffusion of responsibility
a person is less likely to take responsibility for action or inaction when other bystanders or witnesses are present
Define perceived cost
probability of helping a stranger is decreased or increased depending on how the act impacts the helping individual
Define attributions of the cause of needs
Individuals are more likely to help others they judge to be innocent
Define dehumanization
the denial of full humanity in others along with the cruelty and suffering that accompany it
Fundemental attribution error
the tendency people have to overemphasize personal characteristics and ignore situational factors in judging others’ behavior.
Kohlbergs moral development theory stages
Preconventional stage, conventional stage, post conventional stage
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