Unit 3 Key ares 1

Question 1

what are the stages of the scientific cycle

Answer 1

Observations, make a hypothesis, design the experiment, gather and record the data, analysis, evaluate and make conclusions, make a new hypothesis where neccessary

Question 2

what is the norm in science

Answer 2

refinement of ideas (this is the improvement of the idea)

Question 3

what is a null hypothesis

Answer 3

Proposes that there will be no statistically significant effect as a result of the experiement treatment

Question 4

what is also a valid finding

Answer 4

a negative result/ failure to find an effect

Question 5

what can resolve conflicting data or conclusions

Answer 5

through careful evaluation or can lead to further experimentation

Question 6

if there is evidence for an effect, or if its unlikely due to chance what occurs

Answer 6

the null hypothesis is REJECTED

Question 7

when do scientific ideas become accepted

Answer 7

once they have been checked independently

Question 8

what must effects be of an experiments results

Answer 8

reproducible

Question 9

what results should be treated with caution

Answer 9

one-off results

Question 10

Why is the publication of methods, data and conclusions in scientific results important

Answer 10

so they can be repeated by others

Question 11

what is a common method of sharing original scientific findings

Answer 11

seminars, talks and posters at conferences and publishing in academic journals

Question 12

what is peer review and critical evaluation

Answer 12

specialists with expertise in relevant field assess the scientific quality of a submitted manuscript and make recommendations regarding its suitability for publication

Question 13

what is a review articles

Answer 13

summarises current knowledge and recent findings in a particular field

Question 14

what is used with science coverage in the wider media

Answer 14

crit evaluation

Question 15

What allows the reduction in the misinterpretation of science

Answer 15

increasing the public understanding of science

Question 16

what are key components of in science

Answer 16

intergrity and honesty

Question 17

what does replication of experiments by others reduce

Answer 17

the opportunity for dishonesty or the deliberate misuse of science

Question 18

What are the 3 concepts that must be used in animal studies to avoid, reduce or misuse the harm to animals q

Answer 18

Replacement, reduction and refinement

Question 19

what is informed consent

Answer 19

the right to withdraw and confidentiality in human studies

Question 20

(P____ O _ S_______ K________

how is the** value or quality **of science investigations justifiable and what does it include

Answer 20

in terms of the benefits of its outcome, including the pursuit of scientific knowledge

Question 21

as a result of the risks involved what is done to support this

Answer 21

scientific research is highly regulated and licensed by governments

Question 22

what must be taken into account during an experiment

Answer 22

the risk to and safety of subjects species, individuals and investigators

Question 23

what 4 areas can influence scientific research

Answer 23

legislation, regulation, policy and funding

Question 24

what is legislation

Answer 24

limits the potential for misuse of studies and data