Unit 3 Key ares 1 Flashcards
what are the stages of the scientific cycle
Observations, make a hypothesis, design the experiment, gather and record the data, analysis, evaluate and make conclusions, make a new hypothesis where neccessary
what is the norm in science
refinement of ideas (this is the improvement of the idea)
what is a null hypothesis
Proposes that there will be no statistically significant effect as a result of the experiement treatment
what is also a valid finding
a negative result/ failure to find an effect
what can resolve conflicting data or conclusions
through careful evaluation or can lead to further experimentation
if there is evidence for an effect, or if its unlikely due to chance what occurs
the null hypothesis is REJECTED
when do scientific ideas become accepted
once they have been checked independently
what must effects be of an experiments results
reproducible
what results should be treated with caution
one-off results
Why is the publication of methods, data and conclusions in scientific results important
so they can be repeated by others
what is a common method of sharing original scientific findings
seminars, talks and posters at conferences and publishing in academic journals
what is peer review and critical evaluation
specialists with expertise in relevant field assess the scientific quality of a submitted manuscript and make recommendations regarding its suitability for publication
what is a review articles
summarises current knowledge and recent findings in a particular field
what is used with science coverage in the wider media
crit evaluation
What allows the reduction in the misinterpretation of science
increasing the public understanding of science
what are key components of in science
intergrity and honesty
what does replication of experiments by others reduce
the opportunity for dishonesty or the deliberate misuse of science
What are the 3 concepts that must be used in animal studies to avoid, reduce or misuse the harm to animals q
Replacement, reduction and refinement
what is informed consent
the right to withdraw and confidentiality in human studies
(P____ O _ S_______ K________
how is the** value or quality **of science investigations justifiable and what does it include
in terms of the benefits of its outcome, including the pursuit of scientific knowledge
as a result of the risks involved what is done to support this
scientific research is highly regulated and licensed by governments
what must be taken into account during an experiment
the risk to and safety of subjects species, individuals and investigators
what 4 areas can influence scientific research
legislation, regulation, policy and funding
what is legislation
limits the potential for misuse of studies and data
