Unit 3: Internal Systems

Question 1

function of blood

Answer 1

transport nutrients from digestive tract, oxygen, wastes

clot

Question 2

components of blood

Answer 2

plasma, rbc, wbc, platelets

Question 3

plasma

Answer 3

55%, yellow fluid, fluid tissue, every 24h
albumin: regulates H2O in plasma
fibrinogen: blood clotting
globulins: hormone carrier

Question 4

red blood cell (erythrocytes)

Answer 4

45%, biconcave disc w/ no nucleus & small, red bone marrow, 120 days 1-2 million RBC / second, 5.5 (5.5 mil blood cells) L blood in males & 4.5 (4.5 mil blood cells) L blood in females

Question 5

red blood cell function

Answer 5

transports O2 & CO2 to/from lungs and tissues

Question 6

oxyhemoglobin

Answer 6

hemoglobin + oxygen (bright red)

Question 7

carboxyhemoglobin

Answer 7

hemoglobin + carbon dioxide (dark red)

Question 8

white blood cells (leucocytes/macrophage/granular)

Answer 8

1% of blood

red bone marrow

largest

neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils

lifespan: hours to days

function: engulfs bacteria, change shape to move to injury site, fight allergies

Question 9

white blood cells (lymphocytes/agranular)

Answer 9

lymphocytes, monocytes

origin: lymph tissue (spleen & tonsils)

function: produces antibodies

Question 10

plateletes

Answer 10

origin: lungs, red bone marrow

function: blood clotting - thromboplastin, antihistamines

lifespan: 7-10 days

Question 11

pH of blood

Answer 11

7.4

Question 12

L of blood in adults

Answer 12

5

Question 13

antigen

Answer 13

chemical marker on surface of cell

Question 14

antibody

Answer 14

looks for specific antigen, causes it to clump up/destroyed/removed

Question 15

why antigen-antibody blood pair bad

Answer 15

clog capillaries -> lack of oxygen, nutrient delivery -> death

Question 16

heart

Answer 16

located slightly left to middle of chest

size of fist

cardiac muscle

Question 17

chambers of heart

Answer 17

4 (2 ventricles & 2 atria)
left right chambers separated by septum

Question 18

path of blood

Answer 18

superior/inferior vena cava → right atrium → atrioventricular valve → right ventricle → semilunar valve → pulmonary artery → lungs → left atrium → atrioventricular valve/bicuspid valve → left ventricle → semilunar valve → aorta

Question 19

right ventricle

Answer 19

receives blood from right atrium

deoxygenated blood -> pulmonary artery

Question 20

inhalation

Answer 20

1. diaphragm contracts and moves down
2. internal intercostal muscles contract and the thoracic cage moves up and out
3. chest cavity volume increases and thoracic cavity air pressure decreases
4. air moves from high pressure to low pressure (air rushes into the lungs

Question 21

exhalation

Answer 21

1. diaphragm relaxes & moves up
2. external intercostal muscles relax and inner intercostal muscles contract and thoracic cage moves down and in
3. lung volume down, air pressure up
   high air pressure -> low air pressure (outside the boyd)
4. chest cavity squeezing action propels air out of lungs and is aided by elastic recoil of tissues and thoracic abdominal wall muscles

Question 22

vitamins

Answer 22

organic compound (water or fat soluble)

Question 23

minerals

Answer 23

inorganic compounds & not source of energy but needed to maintain health

Question 24

macromolecules of life

Answer 24

sugars –> polysaccharides
fatty acids –> fat/lipids/membranes
amino acids –> proteins
nucleotides –> nucleic acid

Question 25

carbohydrates

Answer 25

1 C : 1 H2O

Question 26

isomers

Answer 26

same formula, different structure

Question 27

ribose

Answer 27

C5H10O5

Question 28

manose glactose fructose glucose

Answer 28

C6H12O6

Question 29

simple carbs

Answer 29

sugar

Question 30

complex carbs

Answer 30

starch & cellulose fiber

Question 31

monosaccharide (simple sugar)

Answer 31

one sugar, -ose

glucose fructose galactose ribose manose hexose (C6H12O6)

Question 32

disaccharide (carbohydrate)

Answer 32

2 sugar
hydrosynthesis
hydrolysis
sucrose (glu + fru)
lactose (glu + gal)
maltose (glu + glu) starch

Question 33

polysaccharide

Answer 33

carb made of ion chain or repeating sugar units (monosaccharide)

starch
glycogen (in liver)

Question 34

lipids

Answer 34

glycerol & side chains
ex. triglyceride, phospholipids, sterols

Question 35

saturated fatty acid

Answer 35

not missing H + no double bonds

Question 36

unsaturated fatty acid

Answer 36

missing H + double bonds

Question 37

animal fats

Answer 37

high saturated fatty acid + solid at room temp

Question 38

high unsaturated fatty acid + glycerol

Answer 38

liquid (oils) (exception: coconut oil)

Question 39

protein

Answer 39

ion polymer chain of amino acids bonded together

Question 40

amino acid

Answer 40

20
12 can be made by human - necessary
8 cannot be made by human - essential