Unit 3 - Integumentary System Flashcards
Four functions of the integumentary system
- Protection
- Sensory
- Thermoregulation
- Vitamin D synthesis
Structural organization
- Integumentary system
- Skin - Epidermis & dermis
- Hypodermis - Adipose
- Stratified squamous & loose irregular connective tissue - Accessory organs
- Hair, skin, nails
5 layers of the epidermis
(bottom to top)
- Stratum basale
- Stratum spinosum
- Stratum granulosum
- Stratum lucidum
- Stratum corenum
Stratum basale
- Deepest layer
- Contains the dermal papilla
- Where new cells are made
Stratum spinosum
- Protruding spiny cells
- 8-10 layers of keratinocytes
- Contains langerhans cells
Stratum granulosum
- Grainy appearance
- Disintegrated nuclei
Stratum lucidum
- Only on thick skin
- Palms & soles
- Keratinocytes are dead
Stratum corneum
Superficial layer of the epidermis
- Dry and dead
Keratinocyte
- Makes and stores keratin
- Hardens hair, skin, and nails.
Melanocyte
Produces melanin
Hypodermis
Connects skin to bones and muscles
- Loose areolar tissue & adipose tissue
Dermis contains
- Blood - Sweat glands
- Lymph nodes - Elastin
- Nerves - Collagen
- Hair follicles
Dermis
Contains papillary and reticular layer
Epidermis
Composed of stratified squamous epithelium
Phases of hair growth
- Anagen
- Catagen
- Telogen
Anagen phase
Cells divide at the root of the hair and push up the hair shaft
- Lasts 2-7 years
Catagen phase
transition from the hair follicle’s active growth
- 2-3 weeks
Telogen phase
Hair follicle stops growing, new anagen phase begins
- 2-4 months
Pigments responsible for skin pigment
Melanin, hemoglobin, carotene
Melanin
responsible for making dark pigments in skin, hair, and eyes
Hemoglobin
Red and pink pigment
Rule of Nines: 9%
- Front & back of head
- Front & back of each arm & hand
- Chest
- Upper back
- Abdomen
- Lower back
Front and back of each leg and foot
18%
Groin
1%
Meissner’s Corpscucle
Located at the top of the dermis
Merkel cells
Located in the stratum basale
Dermal papilla
Located between dermis & epidermis
- in the stratum basale
- single layer of cuboidal cells
Pacinian corpscucle
Located deep in the dermis
Capillaries & nerves
Located at the bottom of the dermis
Langerhans cells
Found in the stratum spinosum
Other names of the hypodermis
Superficial fascia
Subcutaneous
1st degree burn
Epidermis
2nd degree burn
Epidermis & half of dermis
3rd degree burn
All of the epidermis and dermis
- Tissues and nerve endings destroyed
4th degree burn
Muscle and bone
