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GRADE 11 World Religions > UNIT 3 - Hinduism Review > Flashcards

UNIT 3 - Hinduism Review Flashcards

1
Q

Where is Hindiusm practiced?

A

1.) India
2.) Nepal
3.) Fiji
4.) Guyana

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2
Q

What are the 3 periods of Hinduism?

A

Pre-Vedic Period (Matriarcle society)
Vedic Period (Veda - First Hindu Scripture)
Upanishadic Period (Upanishad becomes the main scripture; People begin to worship in Temples)

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3
Q

What is the Universal Soul / God called?

A

Brahmen (Divided into many gods / goddesses)

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4
Q

What is Atman?

A

The release of the soul; Hindu’s believe Brahmen is in everyone - Atman

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5
Q

What is reincarnation?

A

Belief that the soul is eternal and lives many lives in the form of humans, animals or plants

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6
Q

What is Samsara? What is it governed by?

A

Samsara –> Cycle of reincarnation
Cycle of reincarnation is governed by KARMA

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7
Q

What are the Four Gods in Life?

A

The Purusharthas

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8
Q

What is Moksha?

A

The release of the soul (Atman) from the cycle of rebirth (Samsara); describes the pursuit of spiritual realization and freedom from the cycle of birth and death

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9
Q

What is Artha?

A

The pursuit of material gain and successful work by lawful means (right livelihood)

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10
Q

What is Dharma? Give an example

A

The Code for Leading in one’s life; the pursuit of spiritual duties, worship, learning, and devotion to the gods and goddesses. (Ex. Respect for elders is considered important and many consider marriage as a son’s religious duty)

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11
Q

What is Karma?

A

To reincarnate to a higher level through pure acts, knowledge, and devotion; The principle of cause and effect is where good actions and intentions lead to good and “better” rebirths, while bad actions and intentions lead to bad and “worse” rebirths.

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12
Q

What are the Four Vedas?

A

The Rg-Veda (Rigveda) - Oldest and holiest
Yajur- Veda
Sama-Veda
Atharva-Veda.

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13
Q

What are the two main sacred texts?

A

Vedas and Upanishads

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14
Q

How were the Vedas originally revealed?

A

Orally revealed by the god Brahma to certain sages, who heard them and passed them down in oral tradition

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15
Q

What are the Vedas?

A

The Vedas are the law; most beliefs, concepts, and ceremonies are based on information contained in the Vedas

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16
Q

What are the Upanishads?

A

Considers the nature of Atman (soul) and the Universal Soul (Brahmen)

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17
Q

What Holy Scripture contains the earliest reference to the reincarnation in different bodies? (Transmigration of the soul)

A

The Upanishads

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18
Q

What are the two main categories of Hindu Scriptures?

A
  1. The Shruti - Consists of the 4 Vedas and the Upanishads
  2. The Smiritis - The Laws of Manu Hymns of Pious Living; an instruction guide for correct routines / Ways of living
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19
Q

What is Ramayana? Summarize the story.

A

Ramayana describes the story of Rama and his devoted wife, Sita.

TLDR: Sita gets kidnapped by the Demon King Ravana, later freed by Rama w/help from Monkey God Hanuman = Good triumphs over evil and are role models for ideal husband and wife

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20
Q

What is the Mahabharata?

A

Poem describing a story of a war between two branches of a family

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21
Q

What is the Bhagavad-Gita?

A

Forms part of the Mahabharata - “The Song of God”

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22
Q

What are the Puranas?

A

A collection of ancient tales about the different incarnations and the lives of Saints

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23
Q

Who is Brahmen?

A

The eternal origin and only god in Hinduism; the cause and foundation of all existence (Creator).

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24
Q

List the three different forms of Brahman (Trimurti) and what each form represents.

A

Brahma = The Creator
Shiva = The Destroyer
Vishnu = The Preserver / Observer

25
Q

Who is Paravati?

A

The Goddess of fertility, love, beauty, marriage, and motherhood; Wife of Shiva (the Destroyer)

26
Q

Who is Ganesha?

A

The son of Shiva and Paravati, depicted as a human with an elephant head

27
Q

Who is Saraswathi?

A

The Goddess of wisdom and knowledge and the wife of Brahma (The Creator)

28
Q

Who is Lakshmi?

A

Goddess of wealth, light, beauty, good fortune; Wife of Vishnu (The Preserver)

29
Q

What does SHAKTI mean?

A

Sacred force, feminine energy

30
Q

What is the significance of Ramanuja?

A
  • Taught others to worship a personal god
  • “The world is the Lord’s body”
  • Created several temples of worship
31
Q

This Hindu teacher protests for women’s rights and helps Hindus reach self-governance through teaching, yoga, and asanas

A

Dayananda Saraswati

32
Q

This Hindu teacher helps women in need and those who are poor

A

Lord Swaminarayan

33
Q

Who was Mahatma Gandhi? Why was he significant in Hinduism?

A
  • The “Father of India”
  • Conducted protests against anti-indian legislation
  • Created political change after nearly a century of British colonial rule
  • Non-violent protests
34
Q

This worship is performed at home or temple, with family and involves offerings to Murti (sacred statue of a god)

A

Puja

35
Q

The repetition of the name of the god/goddess in the act of worship is______?

A

Mantra

36
Q

A special place where Hindus worship is called…?

A

Mandir / Hindu Temple

37
Q

This hindu practice involves offering food and water to a deity during worship (Puja).

A

Prasad

38
Q

How many life milestones are in Hinduism?

A

16

39
Q

What events traditionally takes place during death?

A

involves a family carrying a corpse to be cremated over the funeral pyre and afterward spreading the ashes into a body of water

40
Q

What age range do upper caste boys get initiated and introduced to their guru?

A

7-12 y/o

41
Q

What is the sacred thread ceremony?

A

Intiation of upper caste Hindu boys aged 7-12; marks becoming a student - First stage in life

42
Q

What does the sacred thread represent?

A

Worn at all times as a sign of his responsibilities to his caste and to his study of the Vedas

43
Q

These three rules are used to name a newborn child on their 12th day of life.

A
  1. Rules of syllables
  2. Rules of caste
  3. Rules of deity of devotion
44
Q

What is Diwali, and what is celebrated? What is featured
during this festival?

A

“The Festival of Lights”
1.) Celebration of light over darkness; triumph over evil
2.) Features fireworks, gifts, and sweets.

45
Q

Holi is a popular and significant Hindu festival celebrated as the “Festival of Colours.” How is Holi celebrated?

A

Holi is celebrated by a bonfire created to symbolize the victory of good over evil. The next morning, Hindus smear each other with colored powders.

46
Q

What is the significance of the Ugadi Festival on the Hindu Calendar?

A

New Years Day is celebrated for Hindus, conforming to the Hindu calendar.

47
Q

“Maha Shivaratri” is a festival that celebrates the deity Shiva, consisting of no sleep, prayer, fasting and chanting. The festival, “Maha Shivaratri,” literally translates to…?

A

“The Great Night of Shiva”

48
Q

This festival is celebrated on the 14th of January annually, where Surya (Sun Deity/God in Hinduism) is worshipped.

A

Makar Sankranti

49
Q

What is Aum, and what does it symbolize?

A

Considered the greatest of all mantras, represents several important triads:
1. Earth, Atmosphere, Heaven
2. Brahma, Shiva, Vishnu

50
Q

What is the Bindi? What does the Bindi symbolize?

A

The red dot on the forehead of married women; symbolizes feminine energy and believed to protect married women

51
Q

What does the cow symbolize?

A

Purity, motherhood, non-violence

52
Q

Hands in prayer represents..?

A

A sign of respect for the sacred; dear to the heart

53
Q

What is Linga the symbol of?

A

Seen as a symbol of the energy and potential of God, Shiva

54
Q

What is Lotus feet?

A

Touching the feet of superiors shows an attitude of submission and service

55
Q

What does the Lotus translate to in Sanskrit? What does it symbolize?

A

PADMA - Purity / Transcendence; Growing out of mud, resting on water

56
Q

What does the swastika symbolize?

A

Good fortune, well being

57
Q

What is the Tilak? What does it symbolize?

A
  • Worn by men on the forehead for ceremonies
  • Devotion to Vishnu indicated by the “U” shape
  • Lines represent devotion to Shiva
58
Q

What is the Trishshula?

A

Shiva, balance of forces of creation, preservation and destruction

59
Q

What does the Traditional Hindu Caste System consist of?

A

1.) Brahmins - Priests, Teachers, Intellectuals (Highest)

2.) Kshatriyas - Warriors, Protectors

3.) Vaishyas - Merchants, Farmers

4.) Sudras - Lowests, Servants

5.) Dalits / Untouchables - Outcasts, Dirtiest Work (Lowest)

GRADE 11 World Religions (4 decks)

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