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SHS (Zielke) Science 8 > Unit 3 - Forces, Fluids, And Density > Flashcards

Unit 3 - Forces, Fluids, And Density Flashcards

1
Q

Particle Theory of Matter

A

Theory that explains the behaviour of solids, liquids, and gases; it states that all matter is made up of tiny moving particles that attract each other and have spaces between them (Pg. 182)

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2
Q

Solid

A

Particles are close together and in a fixed place.

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3
Q

Liquid

A

Particles are close together but can slide around and over each other.

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4
Q

Gas

A

Particles are far apart and move rapidly.

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5
Q

Fluid

A

Any matter that has no fixed shape, can flow, and takes the shape of its container; any substance in a gas or liquid state (Pg. 183)

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6
Q

Viscosity

A

A liquid’s internal resistance or friction that keeps it from flowing (Pg. 185)

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7
Q

Weight

A

Measure of the force of gravity on an object (Pg. 194)

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8
Q

Mass

A

Measurement of the amount of matter that is in an object (Pg. 194)

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9
Q

Density

A

Mass per unit of volume; measure by dividing the mass of a substance by its volume; the amount of matter or number of particles in a given volume (Pg. 194)

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10
Q

Volume

A

The amount of space taken up by an object (Pg. 194)

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11
Q

Force

A

Push or pull that tends to cause an object to move or change its motion; measured in Newtons (N) (Pg. 214)

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12
Q

Buoyant Force

A

Upward force that a liquid exerts on an object, opposite to the pull of gravity on an object in a liquid; an important property of fluids; the property that causes a ship to float in water (Pg. 214)

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13
Q

Gravitational Force

A

Force trying to pull an object down to the center of the Earth (Pg. 214)

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14
Q

Pressure

A

A measure of the amount force applied to a particular area; measure in pascals (Pa) (Pg. 236)

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15
Q

Compression

A

Result when a force pushes on an object (Pg. 242)

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16
Q

Hydraulic Device

A

Devices that use water or some other liquid in motion to do useful work (Pg. 236)

17
Q

Hydraulic Fluid

A

The liquid part put into a hydraulic system (Pg. 248)

18
Q

Hydraulic System

A

System that uses liquids in a confined space to transfer forces; operates according to Pascal’s Law (Pg. 248)

19
Q

Pneumatic Devices

A

Devices that use air or other gases in a confined space or transmit forces (Pg. 236)

20
Q

Pneumatic Systems

A

Confined, pressurized systems that use air or other gases to transmit forces (Pg. 252)

21
Q

Variables

A

Things that can be changed in a scientific experiment (Pg. 186)

22
Q

Fair Test

A

Experiment in which only one variable is changed at a time (Pg. 186)

23
Q

Balanced Forces

A

Opposite and equal forces acting on an object; for an object to remain suspended in water, the downward force of gravity must be balanced by and equal upward force (Pg. 214)

24
Q

Newton (N)

A

The unit used in science for gravitational force (Pg. 214)

25
Q

Personal Flotation Device (PFD)

A

A safety device designed to keep a person afloat in water (Pg. 216)

26
Q

Archimedes’ Principle

A

Buoyant force acting on an object equals the weight, or gravitational force, of the fluid displaced by the object (Pg. 218)

27
Q

Swim Bladder

A

A specialized organ in many fish, containing a mixture of air and water; this organ allows the fish to control it’s swimming depth (Pg. 221)

28
Q

Ballast Tank

A

Tanks in submarines that enable the submarine to dive and resurface; ballast tanks depend on a feature similar to a swim bladder in fish (Pg. 221)

29
Q

Displacement Method

A

Method of measuring volume which involves placing an object in a container of water and measuring the amount of water moved (displaced); alternatively, placing an object into a container full of water and measuring the volume of the overflow (Pg. 330)

30
Q

Contact Force

A

Force exerted when two objects are touching one another (Pg. 230)

31
Q

Non-contact Force

A

Force exerted between two things that are not touching (Pg. 230)

32
Q

Pascal’s Law

A

When pressure is applied to a liquid in a container, the pressure and force is transmitted equally and undiminished throughout the liquid; an enclosed liquid transmits pressure equally in all directions (Pg. 246)

33
Q

Incompressible

A

Unable to be compressed easily (Pg. 246)

34
Q

Input Device

A

Device that puts information into a system (Pg. 249)

35
Q

Output Device

A

Part of a system that responds to an input (Pg. 249)

36
Q

Mechanical Advantage

A

The ability to produce an output force larger than the input force (Pg. 250)

37
Q

Pump

A

A machine or device that displaces fluid by mechanical or physical action (Pg. 250)

38
Q

Closed Hydraulic System

A

Hydraulic systems where the liquid cannot leave the system (Pg. 251)

39
Q

Open Hydraulic System

A

Hydraulic systems where the liquid can leave the system; these can be used to transport fluids; Ex: hand pumps for water (Pg. 251)

SHS (Zielke) Science 8 (4 decks)

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