Unit 3: evolution and development Flashcards
What is a biological population?
It is a group of organisms of the same species, that are not relatively from other independent from other groups of the same species. They are independent because their environment is somewhere else from their species.
Which of the following is a population?
A. a caterpillar in a garden
B. a group of trout in a pond
C. all of the birds in a forest
D. all bacteria that live in the gut
B. a group of trout in a pond because it’s one species and relatively abandoned in a pond.
What is evolution specifically biological?
change of characteristics of a population that occurs over generations by inherited genes
Who was Charles Darwin, what did he study and what was his idea on evolution
He was a famous person of evolution. He studied finches on the Galapagos Islands. He noticed that finches had different beaks depending on how they needed them to eat seeds. His idea was that we all had a common ancestor and then we spread to other habitats and adapted to them.
What is microevolution?
It is a change that occurs in a population. It is usually easier to understand (noncontroversial), Small changes in a small amount of time. An example is an antibiotic resistant infectious bacteria.
What is macroevolution?
It is a large change in a population that occurs over a long period of time that results in new species. It is Conversational most of the time.
What is a scientific theory?
It is a statement that provides a current and best explanation on how the universe works.
What are the 6 evidences for common decent?
Linnaean classification, Anatomical homology, Development homologies, molecular homologies, Biogeography, and Fossil records
Definition of Linnaean classification
Organizes organisms and implies common ancestry.
The domain, kingdom, phylum diagram
Define Anatomical homologies
The similarities in the skeleton bone structure.
Like similar structures and equivalent bones. Humans and chimpanzees
What is a vestigial trait?
Nonfunctional or greatly reduced traits like the coccyx bones, which researchers say that we might have had a tail. How we get hiccups that come from a frog, how we have hair and get up when we are cold or scared.
Define development homologies
How we all look alike when we are developing, there is only one reason; we all have a common ancestor
Define Molecular homologies
Similarities in DNA sequences; closely related species have similar genes
Define Biogeography
Despite similar environments some species are only present in one particular place
Define Fossil Record
The remains of living organisms left in soil or rock
What is radiometric dating?
A method to find out how old an object is by measuring the amount of radioisotope the object contains against the decay product it contains
What is Tuberculosis?
(symptoms, and Treatment)
- It is a disease caused by a bacteria called Mycobacterium tuberculosis. it is tricky to treat.
- Symptoms are cough with blood, fever, fatigue, long, restless wasting (patients become thinner and weaker)
- Treatment is antibiotics that last for 6-12 months to eliminate the bacteria. But after 2 weeks on antibiotics, they are not contagious anymore.
What are things to know about natural selection?
It can’t cause new traits, but it doesn’t result in perfection only the best way to fit in an environment, there is not determined goal.
What is “survival of the fittest”?
It means that the organisms best adapted to the environment will survive.
What is the number of species in the planet?
8.7 million
What historical period is responsible for appearance of most species?
The Cambrian period
What are helper t-cells?
They helper kill infections or bacteria
What are the observations that lead to natural selection?
Individuals in the population vary, some variation can be passed down to their offspring, organisms produce more offsprings tan will survive, survival and reproduction is not random
How old is the earth?
4.5 billion years
