Unit 3: Energy- enzymes

Question 1

what is an enzyme

Answer 1

a biological catalyst

Question 2

how do enzymes affect activation energy

Answer 2

lower it so the reaction can occur easier

Question 3

activation energy

Answer 3

the amount of energy needed to start a chemical reaction

Question 4

active site

Answer 4

area of an enzyme that connect w substrate

Question 5

substrate

Answer 5

reactant that enzyme works on

Question 6

reaction specific

Answer 6

enzymes only work on one substrate that fits into the shape of their activation site

Question 7

enzyme concentration affect on enzymes

Answer 7

more enzymes = more reactions

Question 8

substrate concentration affect on enzyme

Answer 8

more substrate = more reactions

Question 9

temperature affect on enzyme

Answer 9

• cold –> slower reaction
• hot –> quicken reaction up to certain point

too hot denatures protein

Question 10

pH affect on enzymes

Answer 10

• every enzyme has an optimum pH they function best at
  too much H+ denatures protein

Question 11

optimum pH for human enzymes

Answer 11

6-8

Question 12

enzyme activators

Answer 12

stabilize shape of enzyme and make it more efficient

Question 13

cofactors

Answer 13

one type of enzyme activators

• small molecules + ions

Question 14

coenzymes

Answer 14

one type of enzyme activators

• vitamins

Question 15

enzyme inhibitors

Answer 15

slow down/prevent enzymes reactions

Question 16

competitive enzyme inhibitors

Answer 16

compete directly at active site with substrates

Question 17

allosteric enzyme inhibitor

Answer 17

bind to enzyme somewhere other than active site to change shape

Question 18

feedback loop

Answer 18

mechanism that regulates enzyme activity in cells

Question 19

positive feedback

Answer 19

increases signal

• pushing down gas pedal

Question 20

negative feedback

Answer 20

stops cycle

• pushing brake