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Grade 11 Physics > Unit 3: Energy and Society > Flashcards

Unit 3: Energy and Society Flashcards

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1
Q

mechanical work

A

applying a force on an object that displaces the object in the direction of the force or a component of the force

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2
Q

energy

A

the capacity to do work

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3
Q

kinetic energy

A

energy possessed by moving objects

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4
Q

work energy principle

A

the net amount of mechanical work done on an object equals the object change in kinetic energy

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5
Q

potential energy

A

a form of energy an object possesses because of its position in relation to forces in its environment

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6
Q

gravitational potential energy

A

energy possessed by an object due t its position relative to the surface of Earth

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7
Q

reference level

A

a designated level to which objects may fall, considered to have a gravitational potential energy value of OJ

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8
Q

mechanical energy

A

the sum of kinetic energy and gravitational potential energy

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9
Q

thermal energy

A

the total quantity of kinetics and potential energy possessed by the atoms or molecules of a substance

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10
Q

nuclear energy

A

potential energy of protons and neutrons in atomic nuclei

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11
Q

energy transformation

A

the change of one type of energy into another

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12
Q

law of conservative of energy

A

energy is neither created or destroyed, when energy is transformed from one form into another, no energy is lost

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13
Q

power

A

the rate of transforming or doing work

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14
Q

kinetic molecular theory

A

the theory that describes the motion of molecules or atoms in substance in terms of kinetic energy

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15
Q

thermal energy

A

the total quantity of kinetic and potential energy possessed by the atoms or molecule of a substance

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16
Q

temperature

A

a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a substance

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17
Q

Celsius Scale

A

the temperature scale based on the boiling point and freezing point of water

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18
Q

Fahrenheit Scale

A

the temperature scale based on the boiling point and freezing point of brine

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19
Q

melting point

A

the temperature at which a solid changes into a liquid: equal to the freezing point for a given substance

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20
Q

freezing point

A

the temperature at which a liquid changes into a solid; equal to the melting point for a given substance

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21
Q

boiling point

A

the temperature at which a liquid changes into a gas; equal to the condensation point for given a substance

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22
Q

condensation point

A

the temperature at which a gas changes into liquid: equals to the boiling point for a given substance

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23
Q

heat

A

the transfer of thermal energy from a substance with a higher temperature to a substance with a lower temperature

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24
Q

thermal conduction

A

the transfer of thermal energy that occurs when warmer objects are in physical contact with colder objects

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25
Q

convection

A

the transfer of thermal energy through a fluid that occurs when colder denser fluid falls and pushes up. warmer, less dense fluid

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26
Q

convection current

A

current that occurs when a fluid is continuously heated; caused by warmer, less dense fluid being constantly pushed upward as colder, denser fluid

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27
Q

radiation

A

the movement of thermal energy as electromagnetic waves

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28
Q

thermal conduction

A

a material that is a good conductor of thermal energy

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29
Q

thermal insulator

A

a material that is a poor conductor of thermal energy

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30
Q

specific heat capacity

A

the amount of energy, in joules, required to increase the temperature of 1 kg of a substance by 1c*

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31
Q

quantity of heat

A

the amount of thermal energy transferred from one object to another

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32
Q

principle of thermal energy exchange

A

when thermal energy is transferred from a warmer object to a colder object, the amount of thermal energy released by the warmer object is equal to the amount of thermal energy absorbed by the colder object

33
Q

thermal expansion

A

the expansion of a substance as it warms up

34
Q

thermal contraction

A

the contraction of a substance when it cools down

35
Q

fusion

A

the process by which a solid changes to a lid

36
Q

heating graph

A

a graph that shows the temperature changes that occur while thermal energy is absorbed by a substance

37
Q

cooling graph

A

a graph that shows the temperature changes that occurs while thermal energy is being removed from a substance

38
Q

latent heat

A

the total thermal energy absorbed or released when a substance when a changes state; measured in jules

39
Q

latent heat of fusion

A

the amount of thermal energy required to change a solid into a liquid into a solid

40
Q

latent heat of vaporization

A

the amount of thermal energy required to change a liquid into a gas or a gas into liquid

41
Q

specific latent heat

A

the amount of thermal energy required for 1 kg of a substance to change from one state into another; measured in joules per kilograms (J/kg)

42
Q

specific latent heat of fusion

A

the amount of thermal energy required to melt or freeze 1 kg of a substance. measured in joules per kilogram (J/kg)

43
Q

specific latent heat of vaporization

A

the amount of thermal energy required to evaporate or condense 1 kg of a substance. measured in joules per kilogram (J/kg)

44
Q

electrical heating system

A

a system that uses electricity to produce thermal energy for heating

45
Q

forced air heating system

A

a system that uses hot water to heat a building

46
Q

geothermal system

A

a system that transfers thermal energy from under Earth’s Surface into a building to heat it, and transfers thermal energy from the building into the ground to cool the building

47
Q

proton

A

a positively charged particle in the nucleus of an Atom

48
Q

neutron

A

an uncharged particle in the nucleus of an Atom

49
Q

Nucleons

A

particles in the Nucleus of an Atom, aka the Protons and the Neutrons

50
Q

electrons

A

a negatively charged particle found in the space surrounding the nucleus of the Atom

51
Q

Ground State

A

state in which all electrons are at their lowest possible energy level

52
Q

excited state

A

a state in which 1 or more electrons are higher energy levels than in the ground stage

53
Q

atomic number

A

the number of protons in the nucleus

54
Q

mass number

A

the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus

55
Q

isotope

A

a form of an element that has the same atomic number, but a different mas number than all other forms of that element

56
Q

radioisotope

A

an unstable isotope that spontaneously changes its nuclear structure and releases energy in the form of Radiation

57
Q

radiation

A

energy released when the nucleus of an unstable isotope undergoes a change in structure

58
Q

radioactivity

A

a process which the nucleus of an atom spontaneously disintegrates

59
Q

nuclear fission

A

the decomposition of large, unstable nuclei into smaller, more stable nuclei

60
Q

nuclear reaction

A

the process by which the nucleus of an atom sometimes changes

61
Q

electrostatic forces

A

the force of attraction or repulsion due to electric changes

62
Q

Strong Nuclear Force

A

the very strong force of attraction between Nucleus

63
Q

Radioactive decay

A

the process by which a radioactive atom’s nucleus breaks apart and forms different atoms

64
Q

Alpha Decay

A

nuclear reaction in which an alpha particle is emitted

65
Q

alpha particle

A

a particle emitted during alpha decay; composed of a helium nucleus containing 2 neutrons

66
Q

parent atom

A

the reactant atom in nuclear reaction

67
Q

daughter atom

A

the product atom in a nuclear

68
Q

transmutation

A

a nuclear decay process in which daughter atoms are different elements from parents atoms

69
Q

beta decay

A

nuclear reaction in which a beat particle is emitted or captured

70
Q

beta particles

A

a high energy electron or positron ejected or captured by a nucleus during beta decay

71
Q

positron

A

a particle with a positive charge and the same mass as an electron

72
Q

photon

A

a high energy particles with no mass

73
Q

gamma decay

A

a reaction in which an excited nucleus returns to a lower, more stable energy state, releasing a very high energy gamma ray in the process

74
Q

half life

A

the average length of time it takes radioactive material to decay to half its original mass

75
Q

mass defect

A

the difference between the calculated mass of an atom, based on the nucleus and electrons present and the actual atomic mass

76
Q

binding energy

A

the energy used to hold a nucleus together

77
Q

mega electron volt

A

the energy required to accelerate an electron through a potential difference of 1 million volts

78
Q

Chain Reaction

A

the repeated series of reactions in which the products of one reaction generates subsequent reactions

79
Q

nuclear fusion

A

a nuclear reaction in which the nuclei of 2 atoms fuse together to form a larger nucleus

Grade 11 Physics (5 decks)

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