Unit 3: Digestive & Excretory System Flashcards
The relatively constant internal conditions that organism maintain
Homeostasis
The amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 degree Celsius
Calorie
The most important nutrient
Water
A major source of energy for the body
Carbohydrates
Part of cell membranes, nerve cells, and certain hormones
Fats
Nutrients that provide the body with the building materials it needs for growth and repair
Proteins
Organic molecules that regulate body processes
Vitamins
Inorganic molecules needed by the body in small amounts
Minerals
The physical breakdown of large pieces of food into smaller pieces
Mechanical
Enzymes break down food into small molecules that the body can use
Chemical digestion
Enzyme that breaks down carbohydrates
Amylase
The contractions of smooth muscles that moves food through the esophagus towards the stomach
Peristalsis
Regulates blood sugar levels, makes enzymes that break down food, neutralizes stomach acid
Pancreas
Stores bile produced by the liver
Gallbladder
Projections that move chyme throughout the small intestine
Villi
Processing units of the kidneys
Nephron
Includes the brain, spinal cord, and nerves
Nervous system
Includes the skin, hair, nails, sweat glands, and oil glands
Integumentary system
Protects from diseases; collects fluid lost from vessels and returns it to the circulatory system
Lymphatic system
Works with skeletal system to produce voluntary movement
Muscular system
Transports oxygen, nutrients, and hormones to cells; removes cell wastes
Circulatory system
Includes bone, cartilage, ligaments, and tendons
Skeletal system
Brings in oxygen needed for cellular respiration and removes carbon dioxide from the body
Reproductive system
Breaks down food; absorbs nutrients; eliminates wastes
Digestive system
Includes the skin lungs, liver, kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra
Excretory system
Controls growth, development, and metabolism
Respiratory system
Produces gametes
Endocrine system
Which organ absorbs most of the nutrients during digestion?
Small intestine
Write each of the five levels of organization in the body in order from smallest to largest
Cell, tissue, organ, organ system, and organism
What are the four basic types of tissue in the human body?
Connective, epithelial, muscle, and nervous
Provide and example of where in the “body” you would find the four basic types of tissue in the human body?
Connective: Bone, cartilage, lymph, and adipose issue.
Epithelial: Skin, glands, kidney, and respiratory system.
Muscle: Smooth, cardiac, and skeletal.
Nervous: Spinal cord and peripheral nerves.
