Unit 3: Digestive & Excretory System

Question 1

The relatively constant internal conditions that organism maintain

Answer 1

Homeostasis

Question 2

The amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 degree Celsius

Answer 2

Calorie

Question 3

The most important nutrient

Answer 3

Water

Question 4

A major source of energy for the body

Answer 4

Carbohydrates

Question 5

Part of cell membranes, nerve cells, and certain hormones

Answer 5

Fats

Question 6

Nutrients that provide the body with the building materials it needs for growth and repair

Answer 6

Proteins

Question 7

Organic molecules that regulate body processes

Answer 7

Vitamins

Question 8

Inorganic molecules needed by the body in small amounts

Answer 8

Minerals

Question 9

The physical breakdown of large pieces of food into smaller pieces

Answer 9

Mechanical

Question 10

Enzymes break down food into small molecules that the body can use

Answer 10

Chemical digestion

Question 11

Enzyme that breaks down carbohydrates

Answer 11

Amylase

Question 12

The contractions of smooth muscles that moves food through the esophagus towards the stomach

Answer 12

Peristalsis

Question 13

Regulates blood sugar levels, makes enzymes that break down food, neutralizes stomach acid

Answer 13

Pancreas

Question 14

Stores bile produced by the liver

Answer 14

Gallbladder

Question 15

Projections that move chyme throughout the small intestine

Answer 15

Villi

Question 16

Processing units of the kidneys

Answer 16

Nephron

Question 17

Includes the brain, spinal cord, and nerves

Answer 17

Nervous system

Question 18

Includes the skin, hair, nails, sweat glands, and oil glands

Answer 18

Integumentary system

Question 19

Protects from diseases; collects fluid lost from vessels and returns it to the circulatory system

Answer 19

Lymphatic system

Question 20

Works with skeletal system to produce voluntary movement

Answer 20

Muscular system

Question 21

Transports oxygen, nutrients, and hormones to cells; removes cell wastes

Answer 21

Circulatory system

Question 22

Includes bone, cartilage, ligaments, and tendons

Answer 22

Skeletal system

Question 23

Brings in oxygen needed for cellular respiration and removes carbon dioxide from the body

Answer 23

Reproductive system

Question 24

Breaks down food; absorbs nutrients; eliminates wastes

Answer 24

Digestive system

Question 25

Includes the skin lungs, liver, kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra

Answer 25

Excretory system

Question 26

Controls growth, development, and metabolism

Answer 26

Respiratory system

Question 27

Produces gametes

Answer 27

Endocrine system

Question 28

Which organ absorbs most of the nutrients during digestion?

Answer 28

Small intestine

Question 29

Write each of the five levels of organization in the body in order from smallest to largest

Answer 29

Cell, tissue, organ, organ system, and organism

Question 30

What are the four basic types of tissue in the human body?

Answer 30

Connective, epithelial, muscle, and nervous

Question 31

Provide and example of where in the “body” you would find the four basic types of tissue in the human body?

Answer 31

Connective: Bone, cartilage, lymph, and adipose issue.

Epithelial: Skin, glands, kidney, and respiratory system.

Muscle: Smooth, cardiac, and skeletal.

Nervous: Spinal cord and peripheral nerves.