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BA 60 > UNIT 3 CULTURAL ENVIRONMENT > Flashcards

UNIT 3 CULTURAL ENVIRONMENT Flashcards

1
Q

the collection of values, beliefs, behaviors, customs and attitudes that distinguish one society from another.

A

culture

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2
Q

A society’s culture determines the rules that govern how firms operate in the society.

A

culture

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3
Q

characteristics of culture

A

learned behavior
interrelated
adaptive
shared by members of the society

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4
Q

the culture changes in response to external forces that affect the society

A

culture is adaptive

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5
Q

elements of culture

A

social structure
language
communication
religion
values and attitudes

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6
Q

– the overall framework that determines the roles of individuals within the society, the stratification of the society and the individual’s mobility within the society.

A

Social structure

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7
Q

Social structure (3)

A

Individuals, families and groups
social stratificaiton
social mobility

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8
Q

All human societies involve individuals living in family units and working with each other in groups.

A

Individuals, families and groups

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9
Q

Societies differ, however, in the way they define family and in the relative importance they place on the individuals’ role within groups.

A

Individuals, families and groups

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10
Q

T or F. Societies do not differ in their degree of social stratification.

A

F, differ

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11
Q

All societies categorize people to some extent on the basis of their birth, occupation, educational achievements or other attributes.

A

Social stratification

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12
Q

ability of individuals to move from one stratum of society to another

A

Social mobility

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13
Q

It often affects individual’s attitudes and behaviors towards such factors as labor relations, human capital formation, risk taking and entrepreneurship.

A

Social mobility

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14
Q

a primary delineator of cultural groups because it is an important means by which a society’s members communicate with each other.

A

Language

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15
Q

To conduct business, international businesspeople must be able to communicate.

A

Language

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16
Q

it has emerged as the predominant common language or lingua franca of international business.

A

English

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17
Q

used to ensure that the right message is given to the customers.

A

Backtranslation

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18
Q

Communicating across cultural boundaries, whether verbally or nonverbally is a particularly important skill for international managers.

A

Communication

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19
Q

Gift-giving and hospitality are important means of communication in many business cultures.

A

communication

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20
Q

Among the Jews handshakes are a standard mode of greeting

A

Israel

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21
Q

The “wai” is usually accompanied by a slight nod or bow of the head. The higher the hands are raised indicates the level of respect one is giving or being given.

A

Thailand

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22
Q

First names are reserved for family and close friends. Wait until invited before using someone’s first name.

A

France

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23
Q

When leaving a small group, each person must bid farewell individually.

A

India

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24
Q

Talking with your hands in your pockets is disrespectful.

A

Germany

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25
Q

Invitations are generally given verbally.

A

Norway

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26
Q

A large portion of your communication will take place over lunches and dinners. They are an extremely important part of business life in Spain.
Business colleagues often dine together, but different ranks within a company do not mix.

A

Spain

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27
Q

Staring is a big no-no.

A

Japan

28
Q

Openly criticizing a person is a form of violence.
Head is considered to be the highest and purest part of the human body. Never pass anything above anyone’s head.

A

Thailand

29
Q
A
30
Q

Israelis are known to be very direct and to the point

A

Israel

31
Q

When you have finished eating, place your chopsticks in the chopstick rest or on the table. Do not place your chopstick across the top of your bowl.

A

Hong Kong

32
Q

Gifts are not opened when received. Hindus should not be given gifts made of leather.
Leaving a small amount of food on your plate indicates that you are satisfied. Finishing all your food means that you are still hungry.

A

India

33
Q

Offer gifts with the right hand only or both hands if the item is large. Do not wrap gifts in white, blue or black paper as these are mourning colors.
Men and women may shake hands, although the woman must extend her hand first.

A

Singapore

34
Q

It is considered impolite to use a mobile phone in formal situations such as in lectures and meetings.

A

UK

35
Q

Yawning and passing gas in public is considered rude.

A

USA

36
Q

an important aspect of most societies. It affects the ways in which members of a society relate to each other and to outsiders.

A

religion

37
Q

values and attitudes (TAES)

A

time
age
education
status

38
Q

Social relationships are defined as one person being superior to the other. Parents are superior to their children, teachers to their students, and bosses to their subordinates.
Thais generally use first name rather than surname, with the honorific title Khun before the name.

A

Thailand

39
Q

French business emphasizes courtesy and a fair degree of formality.
The French are private people. They don’t want to talk about their private life except in their social circle.
There is high divorce rate in the country. Around 40% of marriages end in divorce, leading to more women in the work force.

A

France

40
Q

Saudis socialize primarily in restaurants and hotels when entertaining expatriates whom they do not know well.
Women cannot vote or be elected to high political positions.

A

Saudi Arabia

41
Q

Never disagree or criticize someone who is senior to you in rank.
People observe a strict chain of command.

A

Sinagpore

42
Q

Understanding the big picture regarding a country’s culture

A

Hall’s theory
cultural cluster approach
hofstede’s five dimensions

43
Q

Hall’s theory is developed by who?

A

Edward and Mildred Hall

44
Q

the 3 principal categories of hall

A

context, space, time

45
Q

the words used by the speaker explicitly convey the speaker’s message to the listener

A

low context

46
Q

the context in which a conversation occurs is just as important as the words that are actually spoken and cultural clues are important in understanding what is being communicated.

A

high context

47
Q

refers to the study of physical space and people or proxemics.

A

space

48
Q

deal with situations

A

low context cultures (monochronic)

49
Q

deal simultaneously with all situations

A

high context cultures (polychronic)

50
Q

Similarities exist among many cultures, thereby reducing some of the need to customize business practices to meet the demands of local cultures.

A

Cultural Cluster Approach

51
Q

comprises countries that share many cultural similarities, although differences do remain.

A

cultural cluster

52
Q

hofstede-s five dimensions

A

power distance
individualism vs collectivism
goal orientation
uncertainty avoidance
orientation towards life and work

53
Q

degree to which a country accepts the fact that differences in its citizens’ physical and intellectual capabilities give rise to inequalities in their well-being

A

power distance

54
Q

the country allows inequalities to persist and increase

A

o High power distance

55
Q

prevents wide gap between rich and poor

A

o Low power distance

56
Q

focuses on the values that govern the relationship between individuals and groups

A

Individualism versus collectivism

57
Q

person comes first attitude; values that are stressed are individual achievement, freedom and competition

A

individualism

58
Q

values that are stressed are group harmony, cohesiveness, consensus and cooperation

A

collectivism

59
Q

value assertiveness, performance, success and competition ; results oriented

A

Aggressive goal behaviour

60
Q

value the quality of life, warm personal relationships and service; care for the weak

A

nurturing

61
Q

tolerance of uncertainty and willingness to take risks

A

uncertainty avoidance

62
Q

easy going, value diversity, tolerant of differences in what people believe and do; they accept that uncertainties do happen

A

uncertainty acceptance

63
Q

rigid and intolerant; conforming to the values of the social and work groups to which they belong is the norm; ambiguity and change are undesirable, prefers routine bureaucratic way of doing things

A

high uncertainty avoidance

64
Q

derives values such as thrift (saving) and persistence in achieving goals

A

long term

65
Q

expresses concern for maintaining personal stability or happiness and for living in the present

A

short term

BA 60 (3 decks)

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