Unit 3 - Collecting Data Flashcards

1
Q

Samples may not always represent a ———

A

population

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2
Q

population

A

all the individuals we want to study

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3
Q

sample

A

subset of a population used to infer about the population

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4
Q

When are samples used?

A

Population is too large to study

Other limitations

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5
Q

A sample can be generalized to its respective population if …

A

1- randomly selected
2- representative
3- selected specifically from that population

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6
Q

confounding factors

A

Any number of factors that makes it challenging to

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7
Q

observational study

A

survey without imposing treatments

can’t conclude cause & effect

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8
Q

retrospective OS “looking back”

A

examining past data

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9
Q

prospective OS “looking future”

A

examining data as it progresses

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10
Q

experiment

A

different treatments imposed on different groups

well-designed experiment- can conclude cause & effect

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11
Q

census

A

assess all individuals in a population

best way

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12
Q

random sample

A

easier way

if perform correctly, can be representative of population

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13
Q

simple random sample

A

every group groups have an equal chance to be selected
Assigning numbers to individuals or groups etc. and using a random number generator to generate random numbers and subsequently, random individuals

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14
Q

cluster random sample

A

1- population is divided into CLUSTERS

2- SRS taken of each clusters

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15
Q

stratified random sample

A

1- population divided into STRATA based on SIMILAR characteristics
2- SRS taken of each strata

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16
Q

Cluster vs Stratified

A

Cluster- HETEROGENEOUS grouping

Strata- HOMOGENEOUS grouping

17
Q

Systematic random sample

A

1- RANDOM starting point

2- sample taken at fixed PERIODIC interval

18
Q

Biased

A

measure of accuracy

19
Q

Variation

A

measure of precision

20
Q

Non-random sample are ….

21
Q

simple random sample advantages

A

unbiased/ HIGH accuracy
easy to explain
easy to perform

22
Q

SRS disadvantages

A

logistical issues

MODERATE variability

23
Q

Cluster random sample advantages

A

unbiased/ HIGH accuracy

easy to perform

24
Q

Cluster random sample disadvantages

A

homogeneous clusters result in HIGH variability

25
stratified random sample advantages
unbiased/ HIGH accuracy | LOW variability
26
stratified random sample disadvantages
hard to implement
27
bias
systematic tendency to FAVOR CERTAIN RESPONSES over others
28
undercoverage
part of population has REDUCED CHANCE of being included
29
nonresponse
individual chosen for sample DON'T respond
30
convenience samples
bbabs