Unit 3 - Cold War (1946-1961) Flashcards
1
Q
Marshall Plan
A
- Program designed to help western Europe recover from WWII
- Provided food, fuel, money (boost economy)
- increased trade
2
Q
Containment
A
Keep communism contained within existing borders
3
Q
Truman Doctrine
A
Truman’s promise to help nations struggling against communist movements
- Congress gives Greece + Turkey $400 million
4
Q
NATO/Warsaw Pact
A
- NATO - 12 Western European & North American countries defend western Europe (military alliance)
- Warsaw Pact - west Germany joins NATO, soviet Union and satellite states form rival military alliance (communist states of eastern Europe - members)
5
Q
Berlin Airlift
A
- Stalin blocks roads, railways, barges, but the US and GB managed to supply West Berlin with supplies via airlift
6
Q
Korean War
A
- Warns of atomic weapon use; both sides agree on cease-fire
- 2 Korea’s remain divided
- Creates SEATO - Southeast Asia Treaty Organization - defends against the spread of communism
7
Q
Space Race
A
- During the cold war era - superiority/bragging rights for U.S.
- Proof that capitalism works!
- Technological advancements, many still used today
8
Q
Military Industrial Complex
A
- Industry focused on producing military goods
- Eisenhower warned against this before he left office
9
Q
Interstate Highway System
A
- Federal Aid highway act of 1956 (under Eisenhower)
- Standardized design of highways
- Created evacuation routes, increase in suburbs, and faster transportation of goods
10
Q
Levittowns
A
- Planned communities
- Enforce segregation, conformity
11
Q
Consumerism in the 50s
A
12
Q
New Frontier
A
- JFK’s domestic agenda
- Included changes to social security benefits, combating poverty + discrimination, and created new interest in the space race
13
Q
Television + Age of Conformity
A
- TV promoted conformity because it displayed the ideal “nuclear family”
14
Q
Hollywood 10
A
- Group of producers, directors, writers in Hollywood who were accused of being members of the Communist party
- Refused to answer questions (5th amendment rights)
- Turned into a series of attacks against them
- Movies, shows blacklisted by media
15
Q
HUAC
A
- Created by House of Reps to investigate activity by fascists, Nazis, communists
- HUAC targeted the movie industry
- Hollywood Ten refused to answer questions
16
Q
Alger Hiss
A
- Worked on New Deal agencies & helped form UN
Whittaker Chambers - claims Hiss was communist - Found guilty on trial, pleaded innocent
17
Q
Rosenbergs
A
- Charged with conspiracy to pass secret info about nuclear science to Soviet agents
- Pleaded innocent, found guilty, sentenced to death
18
Q
Red Scare
A
- fear that communists outside and inside America were working to destroy American life
- Declines with end of Korean War (1953) and McCarthy’s downfall (1954)
19
Q
McCarthyism
A
- McCarthy: anticommunism, extreme, reckless charges
- Claimed the state department is infested with communist agents
- Attacked secretary of state George Marshall
- Claimed US army is filled with communists (1954)
- Eventually loses support, power and influence
