Unit 3: Chapter 5 - The Central Nervous System

Question 1

Gyri

Answer 1

Folded ridges of the brain often called convolutions.

Question 2

Sulci

Answer 2

Shallow downfolds of the brain

Question 3

Fissures

Answer 3

Deep downfolds of the brain

Question 4

Meninges

Answer 4

Protective layer around the brain and spinal cord. Consists of 3 layers:
Outer (dura mater)- tough, fibrous, stuck to the bone.
Middle (arachnoid layer)- loose mesh of fibres.
Inner (pia mater) - delicate blood vessels close to surface of CNS.

Question 5

Cerebrospinal fluid

Answer 5

In space between the middle and inner layers of meninges, and circulates through cavities in the brain and spinal canal. It is a clear watery fluid with few cells and it cushions the brain from any blows or shocks.

Question 6

Cranium

Answer 6

Bone that surrounds the brain

Question 7

Vertebral canal

Answer 7

Where the spinal cord runs through

Question 8

Brain stem

Answer 8

Consists of medulla oblongata, pons and midbrain.

Question 9

Diencephalon

Answer 9

The posterior part of the forebrain, containing the epithalamus, thalamus, hypothalamus, and ventral thalamus and the third ventricle.

Question 10

Cerebellum

Answer 10

Lies under the rear part of the cerebrum.
Function: Controls posture, balance, and fine voluntary motor movement. Receives sensory information from inner ear and stretch receptors in skeletal muscles. Without the cerebellum our movements would be spasmodic, jerky and uncontrollable. Writing and smooth movements eg playing a musical instrument would be impossible.

Question 11

Cerebral cortex

Answer 11

Outer layer of the cerebrum about 2-4mm thick. Largest region of the cerebrum in the mammalian brain and plays a key role in memory, attention, perception, cognition, awareness, thought, language, and consciousness. The cerebral cortex is the most anterior (rostral) brain region and consists of an outer zone of neural tissue called gray matter, which contains neuronal cell bodies.

Question 11

Basal ganglia

Answer 11

Masses of grey matter inside each hemisphere. They consist of groups of nerve cell bodies associated with the control of skeletal muscles.

Question 12

Cerebral hemispheres

Answer 12

The left and right sides of the brain looking down on it.

Question 13

Corpus collosum

Answer 13

Connects the left and right hemispheres of the brain with transverse fibres (white matter) and allows them to communicate with each other.

Question 14

Frontal lobe

Answer 14

Involved in motor function, problem solving, spontaneity, memory, language, initiation, judgement, impulse control, and social and sexual behavior.
Main- reasoning and problem solving

Question 15

Occipital lobe

Answer 15

Sight and visual input

Question 16

Temporal lobe

Answer 16

Language and hearing, recognising faces

Question 17

Parietal lobe

Answer 17

Sensory
Involving the the management of taste, hearing, sight, touch, and smell. It is home to the brain’s primary sensory area, a region where the brain interprets input from other areas of the body. … Integrating sensory information from most regions of the body.

Question 18

Tracts

Answer 18

Bundles of nerve fibres within the CNS

Question 19

Sensory area

Answer 19

These areas of the brain receive and process nerve impulses from the senses. (perception of sight, hearing, taste, smell, etc.)

Question 20

Motor areas

Answer 20

These areas of the brain send impulses to muscles, especially for voluntary movement. (movement and speech – muscular movements)

Question 21

Association area

Answer 21

These areas of the brain interpret information from the senses and make it useful. Concerned with intellectual and emotional processes. (awareness, memory, emotions, etc.)

Question 22

Three types of tracts that occur in the white matter….

Answer 22

1. Tracts that connect various areas of the cortex within the same hemisphere.
2. Tracts that carry impulses between left and right hemispheres.
3. Tracts that connect the cortex to other parts of the brain or you the spinal cord.

Question 23

Cerebrum

Answer 23

Biggest part of the brain. Consists of an outer surface of grey matter about 2-4mm thick known as the cerebral cortex. Divided into 4 lobes that control thoughts, senses and movements.

Question 24

Autonomic nervous system neurotransmitters

Answer 24

Norepinephrine and acetylcholine

Question 25

Neurotransmitters of the somatic system

Answer 25

Acetylcholine