Unit 3: Cell Cycle

Question 1

What are the cell type based on chromosome

Answer 1

I. Gamates: mature sexual reproductive cell
Has 23 different chromosomes(oval +sperm) = Hapliod

2. Somatic cells of body except cell undergoing/resulting from meiosis e.g muscles cell, nerve cell
   46 chromosomes =Dipliod

Question 2

What is a Haploid

Answer 2

Haploid means half cells of what a normal cell will have.
Instead of 46 Xms - haploid =23 Xms

Question 3

Homologous Chromosomes

Answer 3

They are chromosomes that share the same structural features ( same size, same banding patterns, same centromere positions ) the same Location ( LOCUS)

Question 4

Interphase

Answer 4

The cycle of cell when the cell is developing(replication of DNA)but not dividing.

Question 5

Mitiotic phase

Answer 5

Involves the formation of two identical cells, consists of
1. Mitosis : Nuclear Division
2. Cytokinesis: Cytoplasmic division

Question 6

Interphase cycle

Answer 6

G1 Phase : cell metabolically active, duplicate organelle and Cytosolic component
S phase: Xms replicates(DNA), but are still present as CHROMATIN .
Replicates are called sister chromatids

G2 : growth metabolism
Production of enzymes & other proteins needed for cell division.

Question 7

Terms in cell division

Answer 7

Chromatid ; refers to one of the two identical halves of a chromosome.

Centromere; appears as a constricted region of chromosomes and play me a key role in helping the cell divide up its DNA. ( cells spindle fibers attached).

Question 8

4 Mitosis phases

Answer 8

1. Prophase : XM condense from chromatin - become visible, microtubules from spindle apparatus + attach to kinetochore . Spindle moves Xms towards cell equator.
2. Metaphase : 46 Xms line up on cell equator.
3. Anaphase : 46 chromatids migrate to each pole
   - cytokinesis (division of cytoplasm) begins
4. Telophase: XMs uncoil to Chromatin
   Nucleoli, nuclear envelope reappear
   Spindle disassembles .

Question 9

Cytokinesis

Answer 9

When phase ends
Mitosis and Cytokinesis complete

Question 10

Terms in Cell division

Answer 10

Synapsis: the paring of chromatin

Tetrads : the grouping of combined chromatid.

Crossing over: recombining of chromatins

Chromatins: strands of DNA

Chromatid: twisted strands of chromatins