Unit 3 - Biological Influences 2016 Flashcards
Outline the structure and function of the frontal lobe
The frontal lobe is located in the front of the brain and it controls important cognitive skills in humans, such as emotional expression, problem solving, memory, language, judgment, and sexual behaviour. Thus the ‘control panel’, of an individuals personality.
Professor Jenaya is teacher her psychology class about the parietal lobe. Suggest how she could explain this thoroughly
The parietal lobe is located in the upper, back part of the cortex and is responsible for information such as taste, temperature and touch areintegrated, or processed. Humans would not be able to to feel sensations of touch, if the parietal lobe was damaged.
Outline the function and structure of the temporal lobe
The temporal lobe is located at the bottom middle part of cortex, right behind the temples. The temporal lobes are involved in several functions of the body including: Auditory perception, memory, Speech, language comprehension, emotional responses, visual perception, facial recognition.
Dr Sinead is attempting to explain the occipital lobe to her patient, explain how she could describe its location and role for this individual
The occipital lobe is located in bottom, back part of the cortex. The occipital lobe contains different areas contributing to visual communication. One area is where visual images of language are received (the visual receiving area) and another is where it is interpreted (visual association area). It is critically important for reading and reading comprehension.
How do Wernicke’s area and Broca’s area differ?
Broca’s area, which is located in the frontal lobe. Broca’s area is the motor speech area and it helps in movements required to produce speech. When there is an issue in this area, a patient can understand the speech of others, but can’t produce any speech him or her self. This is called Broca’s aphasia. Wernicke’s area, which is located in the parietal and temporal lobe, is the sensory area. It helps in understanding speech and using the correct words to express our thoughts. When there is an issue in this area, a patient may be able to produce speech, but cannot understand the speech of others. This is called Wernicke’s aphasia.
Bella has damaged her Broca’s area in a fight with Brittany describe her condition and the changes she will face
Bella has Broca’s aphasia therefore Bella can understand the speech of others, but can’t produce any speech herself.
State the function and structure of the motor cortex
The motor cortex is located in the rear portion of the frontal lobe, its function is to be one of the brain areas most involved in controlling these voluntary movements is the motor cortex.
Jennifer had a car accident and lost all sensory feeling in her left side state what area of the brain was damaged.
Somatosensory cortex
Imogen woke up from an accident and the doctors are telling her she has damaged the frontal lobe, what changes can she expect due to her injury?
An injury to this part of the brain can cause changes in emotional control, initiation, motivation, and inhibition. An intolerance for frustration and easily provoked aggressive behaviour are typical. Thus changes to her original personality.
What is the control centre of the body?
Brain
State the function and structure of the primary auditory cortex and explain what could occur if damaged
Located on either side of the temporal lobes. The auditory cortex is the region of the brain that is responsible for processing of auditory (sound) information. If damaged this can result in hearing problems in terms of difficulty in recognising the distance and direction of sound.
Patrick had an accident and has damaged his primary visual cortex, what changes can he expect due to this damage?
Primary visual cortex is located in the most posterior portion of the brain’s occipital lobe. The primary visual cortex includes the process of image processing. Damage to Patrick could include blind spots, functional blindness and blind sight.
Name all the lobes and their association areas
Parietal Lobe: Somatosensory Cortex
Occipital Lobe: Primary Visual Cortex
Frontal Lobe: Motor Cortex
Temporal Lobe: Primary Auditory Cortex
What is a neuron? And what form does it take?
A neuron is a cell which receives or relays information within the Nervous system.
The information takes the form of electrical impulses, which are passed from one cell to another.
Name the 3 types on neurons and where they are primarily located
Sensory neurons- PNS
Motor neurons- PNS
Interneurons- CNS
What is the structure of a motor neuron
Dendrite Soma Nucleus Axon Myelin sheath Axon terminal
What type of track does the sensory neuron follow?
Afferent- receive information from both the external environment and from within the body and transmit this information TO the CNS
What do the Interneurons do?
They provide neural links between motor and sensory neurons
What type of track does the motor neuron follow?
Efferent- transmit messages FROM the CNS to the muscles, glands and organs.
What is a neurotransmitter?
Neurotransmitters are the brain chemicals that communicate information throughout our brain and body. They relay signals between nerve cells, called neurons.
Explain what Dopamine is and the effects on the person if they have too little or too much Dopamine
Dopamine is a neurotransmitter in the brain, which inhibits certain synapses in the brain and dampens down motor responses. Too little dopamine can result in Parkinson’s disease and too much with schizophrenia.
Explain what Serotonin is and the effects on the person if they have too little or too much
An inhibitory neurotransmitter, believed to play a part in emotional arousal and sleep. Too little can result in anxiety and mood disorders, and too much can result in ASD.
