Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

AP Psychology > Unit 3: Biological Basis of Behavior > Flashcards

Unit 3: Biological Basis of Behavior Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Psychology flashcards Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

Mutation

A

Random error in gene replication leading to a change

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Natural selection

A

Says, “traits contributing to survival will most likely be passed onto successful generations”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Evolutionary psychologists

A

Study the evolution of behavior, mind and cognitive processes using natural selection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Epigenetics

A

Study of environmental influences on gene expression without a change in DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Interaction

A

Interplay that occurs when the effect of one factor depends on another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Heritability

A

Proportion of variation among individuals with the same genes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Molecular Genetics

A

Subfield of biology that studies molecular structure of the function of genes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Fraternal/Dizygotic twins

A

Twins that develop from separate eggs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Identical/Monozygotic twins

A

Twins that develop from the same fertilized egg that later split in two

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Genome

A

Complete instructions for making an organism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Genes

A

Biochemical units of heredity making up chromosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)

A

A complex molecule containing genetic information

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Chromosomes

A

Threadlike structures of DNA molecules that contain genes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Environment

A

Any and every external influence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Behavior genetics

A

Study of the relative power and limits of genetic and environmental influences on behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Dual processing

A

Principle that information is often simultaneously processed on separate conscious and unconscious levels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Cognitive neuroscience

A

The interdisciplinary study of brain activity linked with cognition and mental processes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Consciousness

A

Awareness of self and environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Split brain

A

A condition resulting from surgery that isolates the brains to hemispheres by cutting the fibers connecting them

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Corpus callosum

A

Large band of neural fibers connecting the two brain hemispheres and carrying messages between them

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Neurogenesis

A

The formation of new neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Plasticity

A

The brains ability to change, especially during childhood, by reorganizing after damage or by building new pathways based on experience

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Association areas

A

Areas of cerebral cortex that are not involved in primary motor or sensory functions, but are involved in higher mental functions such as learning, remembering, thinking and speaking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Somatosensory cortex

A

Area of the front of the parietal lobes that registers and processes touch and movement sensations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Motor cortex

A

Area at the rear of the frontal lobes controlling voluntary movements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Temporal Lobes

A

Portion of the cerebral cortex right above the ears, that includes information from the ears (hearing)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Occipital lobes

A

Portion of the cerebral cortex lying at the back of the head, includes areas that receive information from the eyes (sight)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Parietal lobes

A

Portion of the cerebral cortex lying on the top of the head and toward the rear, receives sensory input for touch and body position

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Frontal lobes

A

Portion of the cerebral cortex lying just behind the four head, involved in speaking ,muscle movements, making plans and judgments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Pituitary gland

A

Regulates growth (important to endocrine system)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Adrenal gland

A

A pair of endocrine glands that help arouse the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Hormones

A

Chemical messengers that are manufactured by the endocrine glands and sent into the bloodstream

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Endocrine glands

A

“Slow” Chemical communication system that secretes hormones into the blood

34
Q

Reflex

A

Simple, automatic response to sensory stimuli

35
Q

Parasympathetic nervous system

A

Division of autonomic nervous system that calms the body

36
Q

Sympathetic nervous system

A

Division of autonomic nervous system that arouses the body

37
Q

Autonomic nervous system

A

Part of the peripheral nervous system that controls the glands and muscles of internal organs

38
Q

Somatic nervous system

A

Division of the peripheral nervous system that controls skeletal muscles

39
Q

Interneurons

A

Neurons within the brain and spinal cord that communicate with sensory and motor inputs

40
Q

Motor (efferent) neurons

A

Neurons that carry outgoing information from the central nervous system

41
Q

Sensory (afferent) neurons

A

Neurons bringing in information from the central nervous system

42
Q

Nerves

A

Bundled axons that connect the central nervous system with muscles and glands

43
Q

Peripheral nervous system

A

Sensory and motor neurons that connect the central nervous system to the rest of the body (perimeter of body)

44
Q

Central nervous system

A

Brain and spinal cord

45
Q

Nervous system

A

The body’s electrochemical communication network consisting of all the nerve cells of the peripheral and central nervous system’s

46
Q

Antagonist

A

A molecule that blocks a response

47
Q

Agonist

A

A molecule that by binding to the receptor site stimulates a response

48
Q

Endorphins

A

Natural, opiate-like neurotransmitters linked to pain control and pleasure

49
Q

Reuptake

A

Neurotransmitters reabsorption by sending neuron

50
Q

Neurotransmitters

A

Chemical messengers that cross synaptic gaps between neurons

51
Q

Synapse

A

The space between axon tip to the dendrite in the next cell

52
Q

All or none response

A

A neuron’s reaction of firing up or not

53
Q

Threshold

A

Level of stimulation required to trigger a neural impulse

54
Q

Action potential

A

Neural impulse or brief electrical charge that travels down the axon

55
Q

Refractory period

A

Period of inactivity after a neuron is fired

56
Q

Myelin Sheath

A

Tissue encasing axons of the same neuron, makes for faster transmission speed

57
Q

Neuron

A

Nerve cell, or the basic building block of the nervous system

58
Q

Axon

A

Neuron extensions that pass messages through its branches to other neurons, muscles or glands

59
Q

Dendrites

A

Neurons bushy extensions that receive messages and conduct impulses toward the cell body

60
Q

Biological psychology

A

Scientific study of the links between biological and psychological processes

61
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Neural structure lying below the thalamus that directs bodily maintenance, activities, and helps govern the endocrine system , specifically the pituitary gland, and is linked to emotion and reward

62
Q

Amygdala

A

To lima beans sized neural clusters in the limbic system linked to emotion

63
Q

Limbic system

A

A neural system located below the cerebral hemispheres, associated with emotions and drives

64
Q

Cerebellum

A

“Little brain” at the rear of the brainstem, functions include processing sensory input, coordinating movement output and balance, and enabling nonverbal learning and memory

65
Q

Reticular formation

A

A nerve network that travels through the brainstem and thalamus and plays an important role in controlling arousal

66
Q

Thalamus

A

Sensory control center, located on top of the brainstem and directs messages to the sensory receiving areas in the cortex by transmitting replies to the cerebellum and medulla

67
Q

Medulla

A

The base of the brainstem, controlling heartbeat and breathing

68
Q

Brainstem

A

Oldest part, and central core of the brain beginning where the spinal cord enters the school and is responsible for functions needed for survival

69
Q

FMRI (functional MRI)

A

Technique to reveal blood flow and brain activity

70
Q

MRI (magnetic resonance imaging)

A

A technique that uses magnetic fields and radio waves to produce computer-generated images of soft tissue

71
Q

PET scan (positron emission tomography)

A

Visual display of brain activity that reflects where a radioactive form of glucose goes while the brain performs a task

72
Q

CT scan (computed tomography)

A

X-ray photos taken from different angles and combined by a computer into a composite representation of the brain structure

73
Q

EGG (Electroencephalogram)

A

Amplified recording of the waves of electrical activity sweeping across the brain surface, measured by electrodes placed on the scalp

74
Q

Lesion

A

Tissue destruction

75
Q

Acetylcholine (ACh)

A

Enables muscle action, learning and memory

76
Q

Dopamine

A

Influences movement, learning, attention and emotion

77
Q

Serotonin

A

Affects mood, hunger, sleep, and arousal

78
Q

Norepinephrine

A

Helps to control alertness and arousal

79
Q

GABA (gammaminobutyric acid)

A

A major inhibitory neurotransmitter

80
Q

Glutamate

A

A major excitatory neurotransmitter; involved in memory

AP Psychology (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions