Unit 3 - AOS2 How does the Body Produce Energy? Flashcards
What are the main fuels used by the body
Carbs, Fats and Proteins
What are the two types of carbs
High GI and Low GI
What are Carbs stored in the body as and where?
Stored as glycogen in the liver and muscles, aswell as, glucose in the blood
What are Fats stored in the body as and where?
Broken down into FFAs (free fatty acids) or triglycerides. Triglycerides are stored as adipose tissue
What are Proteins stored in the body as and where?
Broken down into amino acids and stored in the muscles
How is energy produced?
Through the splitting of ATP into ADP and P
How is ATP produced/recharged?
Through the re-joining of ADP and P using excess energy.
Describe the relation between ATP, ADP and P
ATP is constantly split into ADP and P which is constantly converted back into ATP. This is done to continuously produced energy.
What is the full form of ATP?
adenosine triphosphate
What is the full form of ADP?
adenosine diphosphate
What is PC or CP?
PC = phoshpocreatine
or
CP = creatine phosphate
Explain the crossover concept
Basically, the concept is that as carbohydrates contribution increases fat contribution decreases. This is also tied to intensity as during low-intensity activities fats are used and during high-intensity carbs are used.
What is Glycogen sparing? Provide reference to the crossover point.
This is vital for carb sparing as it allows aerobically trained athletes to push the crossover point to the right, allowing them to work on fats for higher intensities saving carbs for higher intensity portions of the race or physical activity.
What are the chemical fuels the body uses and how does it use them?
It uses Phosphocreatine(PC) stored in the muscle by splitting of the Phosphate from PC and attaching it to ADP to create ATP.
What is Glycolysis?
The breakdown of glucose by the body
What percentage of PC stored are replenished in 30 seconds?
70%
How long does it take for the ATP-PC system to fully replenish?
3 minutes of rest with passive recovery
How long can the energy stores in the muscle provide energy through the ATP-PC system?
2-3 seconds but for greater duration activities the fuel is constantly replenished
How long does it take the exhaust the ATP-PC system?
6-10 seconds of intense muscular activity
What is glycogen initially broken down into to form energy?
two pyruvic acid molecules
How is glycogen broken down under aerobic conditions?
Pyruvic acid enters the mitochondria to form energy with the by-products of co2 and h2o
How is glycogen broken down under anaerobic conditions?
Pyruvic acid becomes lactate acid which is split into lactate and H+ to form energy. Lactate and H+ are the by-products which can inhibit muscular contractions.
Differentiate between aerobic and anaerobic conditions
Aerobic conditions are when the body has enough o2 to function aerobically while anaerobic conditions is where there isn’t sufficient oxygen requiring the body to work anaerobically.
