Unit 3 - AOS2 How does the Body Produce Energy?

Question 1

What are the main fuels used by the body

Answer 1

Carbs, Fats and Proteins

Question 2

What are the two types of carbs

Answer 2

High GI and Low GI

Question 3

What are Carbs stored in the body as and where?

Answer 3

Stored as glycogen in the liver and muscles, aswell as, glucose in the blood

Question 4

What are Fats stored in the body as and where?

Answer 4

Broken down into FFAs (free fatty acids) or triglycerides. Triglycerides are stored as adipose tissue

Question 5

What are Proteins stored in the body as and where?

Answer 5

Broken down into amino acids and stored in the muscles

Question 6

How is energy produced?

Answer 6

Through the splitting of ATP into ADP and P

Question 7

How is ATP produced/recharged?

Answer 7

Through the re-joining of ADP and P using excess energy.

Question 8

Describe the relation between ATP, ADP and P

Answer 8

ATP is constantly split into ADP and P which is constantly converted back into ATP. This is done to continuously produced energy.

Question 9

What is the full form of ATP?

Answer 9

adenosine triphosphate

Question 10

What is the full form of ADP?

Answer 10

adenosine diphosphate

Question 11

What is PC or CP?

Answer 11

PC = phoshpocreatine
or
CP = creatine phosphate

Question 12

Explain the crossover concept

Answer 12

Basically, the concept is that as carbohydrates contribution increases fat contribution decreases. This is also tied to intensity as during low-intensity activities fats are used and during high-intensity carbs are used.

Question 13

What is Glycogen sparing? Provide reference to the crossover point.

Answer 13

This is vital for carb sparing as it allows aerobically trained athletes to push the crossover point to the right, allowing them to work on fats for higher intensities saving carbs for higher intensity portions of the race or physical activity.

Question 14

What are the chemical fuels the body uses and how does it use them?

Answer 14

It uses Phosphocreatine(PC) stored in the muscle by splitting of the Phosphate from PC and attaching it to ADP to create ATP.

Question 15

What is Glycolysis?

Answer 15

The breakdown of glucose by the body

Question 16

What percentage of PC stored are replenished in 30 seconds?

Answer 16

70%

Question 17

How long does it take for the ATP-PC system to fully replenish?

Answer 17

3 minutes of rest with passive recovery

Question 18

How long can the energy stores in the muscle provide energy through the ATP-PC system?

Answer 18

2-3 seconds but for greater duration activities the fuel is constantly replenished

Question 19

How long does it take the exhaust the ATP-PC system?

Answer 19

6-10 seconds of intense muscular activity

Question 20

What is glycogen initially broken down into to form energy?

Answer 20

two pyruvic acid molecules

Question 21

How is glycogen broken down under aerobic conditions?

Answer 21

Pyruvic acid enters the mitochondria to form energy with the by-products of co2 and h2o

Question 22

How is glycogen broken down under anaerobic conditions?

Answer 22

Pyruvic acid becomes lactate acid which is split into lactate and H+ to form energy. Lactate and H+ are the by-products which can inhibit muscular contractions.

Question 23

Differentiate between aerobic and anaerobic conditions

Answer 23

Aerobic conditions are when the body has enough o2 to function aerobically while anaerobic conditions is where there isn’t sufficient oxygen requiring the body to work anaerobically.