unit 3 aos 2 (sac 2) Flashcards
define training
the process of developing the knowledge and skills of an employee. employees may require training when they are either new to a business or taking on a new level of responsibility.
what are the two kinds of employee training?
on the job training and off the job training
what is on the job training?
employees improving their knowledge and skills within the workplace. it can occur while employees are performing their roles and duties within the workplace and enables employees to interact and become familiar with the equipment, machinery, or processes in the workplace.
give examples of on the job training
- being coached by an existing employee
- having a senior staff member act as a mentor who supports employees and provides advice
- job shadowing an experienced employee in the same position
- hiring an external trainer to give on site demonstrations
- having employees rotate between different jobs to gain experience in a variety of roles
list the advantages of on the job training
- employees can perform their roles while training (minimising losses to productivity)
- strong work relationship between trainer and employee being trained
- avoid additional training outside of work hours
- employees quickly become familiar with exact work equipment they will be using
- often less expensive than performing external training considering travel costs
list the disadvantages of on the job training
- the business may lack the amount of experienced staff required to train employees
- employees who are not being trained may be disrupted by training processes, lowering productivity
- employees completing the training may become distracted by the workplace
- employees may learn bad habits from experienced staff training them
- senior staff may be too busy and unable to focus on other work responsibilities
what is off the job training?
employees improving their knowledge and skills in a location external to the business. It involves sending employees offsite to perform specialised courses where professional instructors teach employees how to perform their job to a higher standard.
give examples of off the job training
- attending conferences that provide theoretical knowledge to employees
- performing stimulations or workshops where employees apply new skills
- attaining specific qualifications from TAFE or universities or higher education courses
- online training courses that are performed outside of traditional working hours
list the advantages of off the job training
- receiving training from professionals can enable employees to perform their roles at a higher quality
- external experts can provide new perspectives on how staff can perform their role to a higher standard
- employees are likely to perform training in an environment meant for training, reducing distractions
- employee’s employability may improve if they receive qualifications or accreditations
- does not take more experienced employees away from their jobs, enabling them to remain productive
list the disadvantages of off the job training
- having employees away for training can disrupt the workflow of the business, lowering productivity
- employees may try and find a job elsewhere with the external qualifications they gain
- employees may struggle to apply new knowledge into the workplace if it’s only information based
- employees may be unable to translate learned skills to the business’ equipment
- travel times associated with off site training may be long
- may involve paying external organisations which is often expensive
- accomodation and travel costs may become expensive, especially when a group of employees is being trained
what do performance management strategies do?
allow human resource managers to determine if employees are completing their tasks to the desired quality and identify areas that need improvement
list the performance management strategies
- management by objectives
- performance appraisals
- self evaluation
- employee observation
describe the management by objectives performance management strategy
both managers and employees collaboratively setting individual employee goals that contribute to the achievement of wider business objectives.
managers provide feedback to employees regarding their progress towards achieving their individual objectives, and also adjust tasks, implement training, or extend goal completions to assist in reaching individual objectives.
list the advantages of management by objectives
- aligning employee and business objectives contributes to the achievement of wider business objectives, improving business performance
- collaboration between employees and managers when setting objectives can improve workplace relationships
- achievement of objectives can create a positive working environment and corporate culture
- employees may gain a sense of achievement if they reach their individual goals, increasing motivation
- employees are more likely to be committed to achieving goals as they are involved in the process of developing objectives
- promotional opportunities may arise for employees who consistently achieve objectives
- reviewing the performance of employees may be done quickly as success is measured against the achievement of objectives
list the disadvantages of management by objectives
- employees may take harmful shortcuts in their work to achieve their objectives
- failure to achieve personal objectives may be demoralising
- employees may become demotivated if they don’t receive compensation or praise after achieving objectives
- developing objectives that benefit both the business and the employee can take time
- employees that achieve objectives may desire compensation or promotion, increasing expenses
- training courses provided to address employee weaknesses will increase business expenses
describe the performance appraisals performance management strategy
a manager assessing the performance of an employee against a range of criteria over a period of time, providing feedback and establishing plans for improvement in the future.
the data gives managers insight into whether an employee’s performance is either reaching the desired standard or is insufficient, and make decisions about training, promotions and dismissals
list the advantages of performance appraisals
- communication between managers and employees during one-on-one reviews can improve workplace relationship
- the results from this process can outline areas where employees are struggling and training can be implemented
- can provide information for managers to determine if any staff require dismissal
- increased communication between employees and managers can provide employees with clear direction on how to improve
- can increase the number of promotional opportunities for staff who demonstrate strong performance
list the disadvantages of performance appraisals
- employees may lose motivation if they receive multiple poor performance appraisals
- this process can be time consuming and appraisals review employee performance individually
- staff who perform well may desire a promotion or financial reward, increasing expenses
- training courses provided to address employee weakness will increase business expenses
describe the self evaluation performance management strategy
an employee assessing their own individual performance against a set criteria.
it enables a manager to gain insight into an employee’s perception of their own ability, and their weaknesses, allowing them to put in place strategies to improve these weaknesses.
list the advantages of self evaluation
- an employer can gain an insight into an employee’s understanding of their own strengths and weaknesses
- employees can increase their employability as they highlight their own weaknesses, leading to relevant training opportunities
- employees may be empowered to improve performance as they are directly involved in their own performance management
- can save managers time as employees evaluate their own performance
list the disadvantages of self evaluation
- if an employee is biased or dishonest in assessing their own performance, a manager will not gain reliable information
- the development of criteria to be used in self evaluation can be time consuming
- training courses provided to address employee weaknesses will increase business expenses
describe the employee observation performance management strategy
a range of employees from different levels of authority assessing another employee’s performance against a set criteria.
this usually occurs across different days and input is gathered from employees at different levels, which provides a comprehensive picture of an employee’s strengths, weaknesses and manner in the workplace.
often employees are aware they are being observed, however the process can occur unknowingly
list the advantages of employee observation
- it involves a variety of employees, improving the interconnectedness of the business and corporate culture
- manager can gain multiple perspectives about an employee they have not had previously
- employees that are observing others may identify strengths of other employees and adopt this behaviour
- employees may be responsive to feedback from their peers as they value their opinion
- it can increase the number of promotional opportunities for staff who receive positive performance reviews
list the disadvantages of employee observation
- results may be misleading if employees are aware they are being observed and evaluated as they may work harder than usual
- employees may feel stressed if they are made aware they are being observed
- having other staff assess an employee’s performance can disrupt their normal workflow
- the development of criteria can be time consuming
- can be time consuming for employee’s who are observing their peers
- employees that receive positive observation assessments may desire rewards / promotions, increasing expenses
- training courses provided to address employee weakness will increase business expenses
list the forms of employee termination
- retirement
- redundancy
- resignation
- dismissal
define retirement, why does it occur?
an individual deciding to leave the workforce as they no longer wish to work.
it is voluntary.
some people may retire as they have earned enough money to financially support themselves, some may retire because of age, injury, etc.
