unit 3 AOS 2 - memory Flashcards
kkdp#7 - multistore model of memory, sensory memory
sensory memory - ichonic = visual echoic = auditiory receives sensory info from the environment. enables perceptual continuity for the world around us.
capacity = vast, potentially unlimited.
duration = momentary, 0.2 - 4 seconds
kkdp#7 - long term memory - diagram
long term memory -
explicit - semantic & episodic
implicit - procedual & classicallyconditioned
kkdp#8 - interactions between specific regions of the brain in the storage of long term memories.
cerebral cortex
cerebral cortex - stores explicit memories (semantic and episodic). most likely where the info was first processed. not neccesarily stored in one location. does not store implicit procedual memories.
kkdp#9 - methods to retrieve info from memory.
recall.
recall - reproducing info stored in memory (provides evidence that something previously learnt was retained) if it cannot be recalled the wrong retreival cue may be used free, serial and cued recall
kkdp#10 - the effects of brain trauma on areas of the brain associated with memory, and neurodegenerative disease.
brain trauma - umbrella term that refers to brain injury that is aquired after birth and impairs normal functioning of the brain. this can lead to amnesia
neurodegenerative disease - a disorder charcterised by the decline in structure, function and activity of the brain tissue eg. alzheimers or parkinsons
kkdp#11 factors influencing a persons ability and inability to remember info.
context & state dependant cues.
context & state dependant cues - a retrieval cue (prompt) is any stimulus that consists the process of locating and recovering info stored in memory.
context = environmental cues in a specific situation where the memory was formed that acts as a retrieval cue, these might be sights, sounds, smells
state = associated with the bodys internal, physiological &or psychological state at the time the memory was formed.
kkdp#7 - multistore model of memory, short term memory
short-term - receives info from sensory mem and transfers info to and from LTM. maintains info in consious awareness for immediate use.
capacity = 7+-2 peices of info.
duration = temporary, 18-20 secs
kkdp#7 - multistore model of memory, long term memory
long term - info storage for re-access and use at a later time.
capacity = vast, potentially unimited.
duration = potentially permanent, if not coded well or not right retreival cues are used to retrive it, it may not be accessed.
kkdp#8 - interactions between specific regions of the brain in the storage of long term memories.
cerebellum
cerebellum - involved in the processing and formation of memories related to motor skills and habits (procedual memory - implicit)
involved in the temporary storage of procedual implicit memories but not neccesarily long term storage because well-learned motor responses are beleived to be stored in the cerebral cortex.
kkdp#8 - interactions between specific regions of the brain in the storage of long term memories.
amygdala
amygdala - role in the formation, processing and consolidation of emotional memories but does not permanently store the semantic and episodic content. it transfers the consolidated memories to other parts of the brain for storage.
kkdp#8 - interactions between specific regions of the brain in the storage of long term memories.
hippocampus
hippocampus - role in the consolidation of explicit semantic and episodic LTM’s. it processes these memories then transfers them to the relevent parts of the cerebral cortex for storage.
kkdp#9 - methods to retrieve info from memory.
recognition
recognition - identifying the original learnt info. the presence of the correct info acts as a cue for retrieval. with the recall method no required info is presented where recognition needs info to be able to be retrieved.
kkdp#9 - methods to retrieve info from memory.
relearning
relearning - learning info again that has alredy been learnt. if learnt more quickly the second time it is assumed some info has been retained from first experience.
kkdp#9 - methods to retrieve info from memory.
reconstruction
reconstruction - during retrieval reconstruction of memories may occur. if memory is not clear or has gaps we tend to add info that helps ensure retieved info be complete.
kkdp#10 - the effects of brain trauma on areas of the brain associated with memory.
alzheimers disease and amnesia
amnesia - loss of memory that is inconsistent with ordinary forgetting. may be partial or complete, temporary or permanent.
anterograde - old memories retained new memories cannot be formed.
retrograde - old memories lost new memories can be formed
alzheimers - gradual widespread degeneration of brain neurons, causing progressive memory decline. biological elements amyloid plaques(outside) blocking communication between neurons, nuerofibillery tangles (inside) which blocks nutrients which causes the neuron to die and lower levels of acetylcholine.
