Unit 3 AOS 2 - Human recources Flashcards
Human resource management
The effective management of the formal relationship between the employer and employees.
Human resource manager
coordinates all the activities involved in acquiring, developing, maintaining, and terminating employees from a business’s human resource.
Productivity
a measure of performance that indicated how many inputs (resources) it takes to produce an output (goods or service)
Need
Person requirement
Hierarchy of needs
Maslow’s sequence of human needs in the order of their importance. Assuming that each need will act as a source of motivation for an employee while it remains unsatisfied.
What are the 5 needs
Physiological
Safety
Social
Esteem
Self-actualisation
Two strengths off the hierarchy of needs
Allows management to develop and understanding of employee needs
Allows management to be aware that employees will be at different stages of development, and that they are motivated by a variety of methods.
Two limitations of the hierarchy of needs
It’s only a theory meaning it is not supported by empirical evidence.
May struggle to identify the stages that each employee is in.
What is the goal setting theory
Employees are motivated by clear, specific and challanging goals that they have helped establish within the business.
What are the 5 goal principles
Clarity
Challange
Commitment
Feedback
Task complexity
What is clarity
Giving goals clarity means making them unambiguous and measurable, they need to be clear and specific as possible.
What is challenge
Employees are often more motivated to accomplish a goal that has not been completed before, meaning a high level of challenge that is still attainable provides high levels of motivation.
What is commitment
Must be commitment from employees to ensure that the objectives and tasks are completed.
What is feedback
Must be provided to employees and be repeatedly provided to employees. Offering recognition for achievements and to make adjustments to goals or actions.
What is task complexity
Setting clear, specific and challenging goals will require a larger number of complex tasks to be achieved.
Two strengths of the goal setting theory
Better relationships between management and employees as employee opinion is valued.
Staff will perform at a higher standard due to clear and specific goals being set.
Two limitations of the goal setting theory
Individual employee goals may clash with business goals
Setting vague goals can lead to poor performance.
What is the four drive theory
The main four drives that shape the way humans think and behave, motivating employees within the workplace.
What are the 4 drives
Drive to acquire
Drive to bond
Drive to learn
Drive to defend
What is the drive to acquire
Includes the desire to own material goods, and encompasses the desire for status, power and influence.
What is the drive to bond
The strong need to form relationships with other individuals and groups.
What is the drive to learn
The desire to satisfy curiosity, to learn new skills and to explore the world around us.
What is the drive to defend
The desire to remove threats to our safety and security, and to protect what we regard as our own.
Two strengths of the four drive theory
The drives work individually allowing for employees and management to be flexible.
Convert into efforts that is directed at improving behaviour.
Two limitations of the four drive theory
There can be additional drives providing motivations, not just the 4 presented.
Some workplace applications involve competition between employees, meaning the perception of drives can be affected.
Two similarities between the 3 motivational theories.
Each aim to direct and energise employees towards the achievement of business goals.
Each theory believes in the power of intrinsic reward gained form recognition of achievements.
- Maslow believes the esteem level will motivate when recognition is applied
- Locke and Latham believe that recognition and celebration of the achievement of goals is motivating
- Lawrence and Nohria believe that employees with a strong drive to acquire will be motivated by recognition of their achievement.
Two differences between the 3 motivation theories
Pay: Maslow pay is a motivator, goal says pay is not a motivator, drives say ist a motivator.
Training: mallows says training allows safety needs to be met, goals say raining can assist to support goal accomplishment, drives say training can satisfy drive to learn and comprehend.
What are motivation stratergies
Strategies that provide employees with motivation thus improving their productivity and objective accomplishment by improving performance.
What is performance related pay
The monetary compensation provided to employees relative to how their performance is assessed according to set standards.
How can performance related pay be applied
Pay increase
Bonus
Compensation
Share plan
Profit sharing
Gainsharing
What is career advancements
The assigning of more responsibilities/ authority to employees or the promotion of employees to positions that bring rewards, such as increased salary, fringe benefits, increased responsibility.
What is investing in training
The direction of finances, or resources such as time, into the teaching of skills to employees.
What is support
The assistance or services (such as counselling and mentoring) provided by the business to help employees cope with difficulties that may impede their work performance.
What is sanction
A form of penalty or discipline imposed on an employee for poor performance.
What is training
Is the process of teaching staff how to do their job more efficiently by boosting their knowledge and skills.
3 strengths of training
Reduce error in the workplace.
Improve productivity
Provides a competitive advantage for the firm
2 limitations of training
Can be expensive
due to employees having training they may search for a better more equip job.
What is on the job training
Occurs when employees learn a specific set of skills to perform particular tasks within the workplace. This usually occurs within the working environment, using equipment and machinery present.
2 strengths of on the job training
Trainees l equiptmnet that they will use on the daily.
cost effective
2 limitations of on the job training
quality of trainer may vary
real equipment and tools are used thud disrupting production within the business.
What is off the job training
Occurs when employees learn skills in a location away from the workplace. It usually involves sending individuals or groups of employees to a particular specialised training institution.
2 strength soft off the job training
Provides formally recognised qualification
Can be more intense without workplace distractions
2 limitations of off the job training
More expensive
Lost time that could be spend working
What is performance management
A focus on improving both business and individual performance through relating business performance objectives to individual employee performance objectives.
4 performance management stratergies
Management by objectives
appraisal
employee self evaluation
employee observation
what is management of objectives
is a process by which management and employees agree on and set goals for each employee, with these goals all contributing to the objectives of the business as a whole.
What is appraisal
the formal assessment of how efficiently and effectively an employee is performing their role in the business.
What is self evaluation
a process whereby employees carry out self-assessment, based on a set of agrees criteria.
What is employee observation
a strategy where a variety of opination on the performance of employees is sought with the aim of arriving at a more comprehensive picture of past and current performance.
What is termination of employment
Is when an employee leave a particular work place, ending the employment relationship.
What is retirement (voluntary)
occurs when an employee decides to give up full time or part time work and no longer be a part of the workforce.
What is resignation (voluntary)
refers to the voluntary ending of an employment relationship, this decision is made by the employee when they wish to leave their job
what is redundancy (voluntary + involuntary)
occurs when a person’s job no longer exists usually due to technological changes, a business restructure, or merger with another business.
What is dismissal
Occurs when the behaviour of an employee is unacceptable, and a business terminated their employment.
What is unfair dismissal
occurs when and employee is dismissed because the employer has discriminated against them in some way.
What are entitlement considerations
The rights to benefits that employees have when leaving the workplace on a voluntary r an involuntary basis.
What are transition consideration
are issues relating to the process of changing form one job to another or form one set of circumstances to another.
What are workplace relations
are the interactions between employers and employees, or their representatives, to achieve a set of working conditions that will meet the needs of employees, as well as allowing the business to achieve its objectives.
What are 5 participants in the workplace
Human resource managers
Employees
Employer associations
Unions
Fair work commission
What is the fair work commissions
Australia’s national workplace tribunal that has a number of responsibilities under the fair work act 2009.
What is an award
a legally binding document determined by the Fair work commission that sets out minimum wages and conditions for a whole industries or occupations.
What is collective bargaining
Determining the terms and conditions of employment through direct negotiations between unions and employers.
Enterprise agreements
Is an agreement on pay and conditions of work made at the workplace level and negotiated between groups of employees, or between major employers and representative groups.
Common law individual employment contract/ agreement
covers those employees who are not under any award or collective enterprise agreement.
What are disputes
are a result of a disagreement or dissatisfaction between individuals and/ or groups.
What is strike and a lockout
Strike: occurs when employees withdraw their labour for a period of time in pursuit of improvements I their employment conditions.
Lockout: occurs when employers clos ethe workplace for a period of time as a means of applying pressure to employees during a period of industrial conflict.
Dispute resolution processes
is a series of steps that disputing parties follow in order to resolve a disagreement.
What is mediation
Involves an impartial third-party facilitating discussions between disputing parties to help each side of the conflict reach a resolution themselves.
What is arbitration
Involves an independent third-party hearing arguments form both disputing parties and making a legally binding agreement to resolve the conflict.
