Unit 3 AOS 2

Question 1

What are the 7 types of power

Answer 1

-Hard power
-Soft power
-Military power
-Economic power
-Political power
-Diplomatic power
-Cultural power

Question 2

What is Hard power?

Answer 2

A zero-sum game where a win for one actor can only come at the expense of a loss for the other actor (involves coercion/force)

Question 3

What is Soft power?

Answer 3

A positive sum game in that actor A strategically engineers a situation where their gain is likewise a gain for actor B (involves appealing/attracting)

Question 4

List all the national interests

Answer 4

-national security
-economic prosperity
-international standing
-regional relationships

Question 5

Define sovereignty

Answer 5

Legitimate or widely recognised ability to exercise effective control of a territory within recognised boarders. This is the primary organising principle of global politics providing states with the authority to represent their territorial entity within the international community.

Question 6

Define national interests

Answer 6

The national interests of a state are pursued to ensure the survival and potential growth of that state. States implement policies and types of power to achieve their national interests and maintain sovereignty.

Question 7

Define power

Answer 7

Refers to the ability of one global actor. Power can be exercised in a range of different ways.

Question 8

Define security

Answer 8

Traditionally this term refers to the protection of a states boarders from intruders and the maintenance of sovereignty, most commonly achieved through the use of military power. It has now evolved to include softer forms of security, such as access to resources and the protection of the environment.

Question 9

Define Idealism

Answer 9

Refers to a school of thought in which policy is influenced primarily by an ideological principle, as opposed to practical and pragmatic considerations. (Basically it’s consistency that states have with following through with a primary idea or ideology which means policies stat the same to reflect the states belief the best)

Question 10

Define pragmatism

Answer 10

A school of thought in which policy is influenced primarily by practical considerations, as opposed to a particular ideology. (Basically policies are constantly changing to fit practically with what the state wants opposed to a key ideology that the state believes in and follows)

Question 11

What are the instruments of foreign policy?

Answer 11

-Diplomacy
-Trade
-Aid
-Military

Question 12

What are the 2 national security interpretations

Answer 12

1. This considers the US military alliance as the most crucial aspect of Australia’s approach to national security
2. A future with a balance of power such as China’s increasing economic power is balanced by US power in a multipolar order

Question 13

What are the 2 economic prosperity interpretations

Answer 13

1. A short-term perspective based on continuous growth (28 years of growth 2018-2019) in exports to China and the support of new fossil fuel projects.
2. A long-term approach that questions the reliance upon trade with China and exports of natural resources.

Question 14

What are the 2 international standing interpretations

Answer 14

1. Australia is a supporter of the United Nations and the ‘rules based global order’
2. Australia prioritises national interests over international obligations.

Question 15

What are the 2 regional relationships interpretations?

Answer 15

1. Views the United States as the key regional relationship based on their military alliance
2. Views China as the key regional relationship based on their economic relationship

Question 16

National security example

Answer 16

Operation Sovereign Boarders and Australia’s use of military in overseas missions such as Operation Astute 2006-2013 Australia deployed to East Timor to stabilise the country following internal internal unrest and violence.

Question 17

Economic prosperity example

Answer 17

The economic relationship with China evident through the free trade agreement (CHAFTA) (Trade with China accounts for 25.7% of Australias two-way trade and 60% of Australias exports are from the mining sector)

Question 18

Regional relationship example

Answer 18

Australia’s relationship with the USA through programs like AUKUS (2021) which is a trilateral security partnership which enhances mutual trust and cooperation. Also Tuvalu Declaration which may have damaged Australia’s relationships with Pacific neighbours

Question 19

International standing example

Answer 19

Australia as a middle power and the relationship with the United Nations so they can represent themselves in the international arena and Operation Sovereign Borders and singing Paris Climate Agreement (2015). ALSO in 2019 at the Pacific Islands Forum when Australia didn’t sign the Tuvalu Declaration.

Question 20

What’s Australia’s main export?

Answer 20

60% of Australia’s main export is in the mining sector

Question 21

What’s Australia’s main export?

Answer 21

60% of Australia’s main export is in the mining sector

Question 22

What is Operation Sovereign Boarders? What year was it implemented? Is it supported?

Answer 22

Implemented in 2013 Operation Sovereign Boarders is an Australian military led initiative aimed at preventing unauthorised maritime arrivals. The initiative is supported by 71% of Australia’s according to the Lowey Institute

Question 23

How does Australia’s relationship with the UN help achieve national interests?

Answer 23

While Australia has made strides in promoting the national interest of international standing through engagement with the UN, its treatment of asylum seekers remains a point of contention that undermines these efforts

Question 24

What is AUKUS and when was it established?

Answer 24

Established in 2021 AUKUS is a trilateral security partnership involving Australia, the United Kingdom and the United States that aims to enhance security and defence cooperation in the Indo-Pacific region

Question 25

What’s G’day USA?

Answer 25

A program established in 2004 its an initiative aimed at promoting trade, investment, tourism and cultural ties between the US and Australia through various events and activities held across multiple cities in the United States

Question 26

What are the aims of Australia’s defence and security?

Answer 26

The aims are to protect Australia, it’s people and its interests

Question 27

What is military power?

Answer 27

Refers to the use of a states military to be influential over the actions of other global actors.

Question 28

What is economic power?

Answer 28

Economic power refers to a states ability to influence the actions of another global actor through finance and trade.

Question 29

What is diplomatic power?

Answer 29

Refers to the power accrued by states through their relationships with other states in the form of alliances, alignments and international standing

Question 30

What is political power?

Answer 30

Refers to the use of a states internal political machinery to exert influence over the actions of others, for example, legislation, executive orders, white papers

Question 31

What is cultural power?

Answer 31

Refers to a desirable and transportable culture that states can use to achieve ends that might not be achieved through military and political means.

Question 32

What are the foreign policy instruments?

Answer 32

Diplomacy, trade, aid, military

Question 33

Example of hard power

Answer 33

Operation Sovereign Boarders is Australia deploying military involvements including patrol boats to intercept maritime arrivals. That operates under a zero tolerance policy towards unauthorized boat arrivals which creates a legal framework and enforce strict boundaries to control immigration

Question 34

Example of hard power

Answer 34

Operation Sovereign Boarders is Australia deploying military involvements including patrol boats to intercept maritime arrivals. That operates under a zero tolerance policy towards unauthorized boat arrivals which creates a legal framework and enforce strict boundaries to control immigration

Question 35

Example of soft power

Answer 35

Koala diplomacy - in 2015 Australia lent koalas to Singapore zoo to mark 50 years of diplomatic relations. In 2014 at the G20 summit in Brisbane, U.S president Barak Obama held a koala.

Question 36

Example of military power

Answer 36

Operation Sovereign Borders uses military force to deploy the Australian Defence Force to intercept and turn back asylum-seeker boats

Question 37

Example of economic power

Answer 37

Papua New Guinea is the largest recipient of Australian overseas aid, Australia used Manus Island in Papua New Guinea up to 2017 as a location of their largest offshore detention facility for asylum arrivals by boat - the aid provided incentives Papua New Guinea to allow the detention facility to exist

Question 38

Example of political power

Answer 38

Operation Sovereign Borders - by implementing strict policies that assert control over it’s borders and influence regional migration patterns

Question 39

Example of diplomatic power

Answer 39

Australias involvement in the Pacific Islands Forum, where they collaborate with neighboring Pacific nations on regional issues like climate change, economic involvement and security and strengthens Australias influence in the Asia-Pacific region

Question 40

Example of culture power

Answer 40

Through koala diplomacy and sharing koalas at evens (2015 Singapore zoo and 2014 G20 summit) Australia boots cultural visibility and fosters goodwill by promoting Australias identity