Unit 3 AOS 2

Question 1

What are the 7 types of power

Answer 1

-Hard power
-Soft power
-Military power
-Economic power
-Political power
-Diplomatic power
-Cultural power

Question 2

What is Hard power?

Answer 2

A zero-sum game where a win for one actor can only come at the expense of a loss for the other actor (involves coercion/force)

Question 3

What is Soft power?

Answer 3

A positive sum game in that actor A strategically engineers a situation where their gain is likewise a gain for actor B (involves appealing/attracting)

Question 4

List all the national interests

Answer 4

-national security
-economic prosperity
-international standing
-regional relationships

Question 5

Define sovereignty

Answer 5

Legitimate or widely recognised ability to exercise effective control of a territory within recognised boarders. This is the primary organising principle of global politics providing states with the authority to represent their territorial entity within the international community.

Question 6

Define national interests

Answer 6

The national interests of a state are pursued to ensure the survival and potential growth of that state. States implement policies and types of power to achieve their national interests and maintain sovereignty.

Question 7

Define power

Answer 7

Refers to the ability of one global actor. Power can be exercised in a range of different ways.

Question 8

Define security

Answer 8

Traditionally this term refers to the protection of a states boarders from intruders and the maintenance of sovereignty, most commonly achieved through the use of military power. It has now evolved to include softer forms of security, such as access to resources and the protection of the environment.

Question 9

Define Idealism

Answer 9

Refers to a school of thought in which policy is influenced primarily by an ideological principle, as opposed to practical and pragmatic considerations. (Basically it’s consistency that states have with following through with a primary idea or ideology which means policies stat the same to reflect the states belief the best)

Question 10

Define pragmatism

Answer 10

A school of thought in which policy is influenced primarily by practical considerations, as opposed to a particular ideology. (Basically policies are constantly changing to fit practically with what the state wants opposed to a key ideology that the state believes in and follows)

Question 11

What are the instruments of foreign policy?

Answer 11

-Diplomacy
-Trade
-Aid
-Military

Question 12

What are the 2 national security interpretations

Answer 12

1. This considers the US military alliance as the most crucial aspect of Australia’s approach to national security
2. A future with a balance of power such as China’s increasing economic power is balanced by US power in a multipolar order

Question 13

What are the 2 economic prosperity interpretations

Answer 13

1. A short-term perspective based on continuous growth (28 years of growth 2018-2019) in exports to China and the support of new fossil fuel projects.
2. A long-term approach that questions the reliance upon trade with China and exports of natural resources.

Question 14

What are the 2 international standing interpretations

Answer 14

1. Australia is a supporter of the United Nations and the ‘rules based global order’
2. Australia prioritises national interests over international obligations.

Question 15

What are the 2 regional relationships interpretations?

Answer 15

1. Views the United States as the key regional relationship based on their military alliance
2. Views China as the key regional relationship based on their economic relationship

Question 16

National security example

Answer 16

Operation Sovereign Boarders and Australia’s use of military in overseas missions such as Operation Astute 2006-2013 Australia deployed to East Timor to stabilise the country following internal internal unrest and violence.

Question 17

Economic prosperity example

Answer 17

The economic relationship with China evident through the free trade agreement (CHAFTA)

Question 18

Regional relationship example

Answer 18

Australia’s relationship with the USA through programs like G’day USA and the Tuvalu Declaration which may have damaged Australia’s relationships with Pacific neighbours

Question 19

International standing example

Answer 19

Australia as a middle power and the relationship with the United Nations and Operation Sovereign Boarders

Question 20

What’s Australia’s main export?

Answer 20

60% of Australia’s main export is in the mining sector

Question 21

What’s Australia’s main export?

Answer 21

60% of Australia’s main export is in the mining sector

Question 22

What is Operation Sovereign Boarders? What year was it implemented? Is it supported?

Answer 22

Implemented in 2013 Operation Sovereign Boarders is an Australian military led initiative aimed at preventing unauthorised maritime arrivals. The initiative is supported by 71% of Australia’s according to the Lowey Institute

Question 23

How does Australia’s relationship with the UN help achieve national interests?

Answer 23

While Australia has made strides in promoting the national interest of international standing through engagement with the UN, its treatment of asylum seekers remains a point of contention that undermines these efforts

Question 24

What is AUKUS and when was it established?

Answer 24

Established in 2021 AUKUS is a trilateral security partnership involving Australia, the United Kingdom and the United States that aims to enhance security and defence cooperation in the Indo-Pacific region

Question 25

What’s G’day USA?

Answer 25

A program established in 2004 its an initiative aimed at promoting trade, investment, tourism and cultural ties between the US and Australia through various events and activities held across multiple cities in the United States

Question 26

What are the aims of Australia’s defence and security?

Answer 26

The aims are to protect Australia, it’s people and its interests