Unit 3 AOS 1 SAC 1 Flashcards
Describe health and wellbeing
Health and wellbeing relates to the state of a person’s physical, emotional, mental, social and spiritual existence and is characterised by an equilibrium in which an individual feels happy, healthy, capable and engaged.
Physical health and wellbeing, and examples
Physical health and wellbeing relates to the efficient functioning of the body and its systems and includes the physical capacity to perform daily activities.
- Healthy body weight
- Freedom from illness
- Adequate energy levels
Social health and wellbeing, and examples
Social health and wellbeing relates to the ability to form meaningful and satisfying relationships with others, and the ability to manage or adapt appropriately to different social situations.
- Supportive network of friends
- Effective communication with others
- Supportive and well functioning family
Emotional health and wellbeing, and examples
Emotional health and wellbeing relates to the ability to express emotions and feelings in a positive way.
- Recognising and understanding the range of emotions
- Having a high level of resilience
- Effectively responding to and managing emotions
Mental health and wellbeing, and examples
Mental health and wellbeing relates to the state of a person’s ming or brain and it relates to the ability to think and process information.
- Low levels of stress and anxiety
- High levels of confidence
- Positive self-esteem
- Positive thought patterns
Spiritual health and wellbeing, and examples
Spiritual health and wellbeing is not of material nature, but relates to the ideas, beliefs, values and ethics that arise in the minds and conscience of human beings.
- A sense of belonging
- Peace and harmony
- Positive meaning and purpose in life
- Acting according to values and beliefs
Illness
Refers to the way a person feels as the result of a disease
Disease
Diseases can be physical or mental and and can range from mild discomfort to severe pain
Dynamic
The health and wellbeing of an individual is constantly changing and is therefore dynamic. It can change quickly or slowly.
Subjective
The concept of health and wellbeing is viewed in many different ways and is therefore said the be subjective. For example, what one person may consider optimal, another may not.
Optimal health and wellbeing as an individual resource
Increases the capacity of individuals to:
- Work productively
- Exercise
- Spend time with friends
- Maintain positive though patterns
- Work towards their purpose in life
Optimal health and wellbeing as a national resource
- Higher average incomes
- Reduced stress and anxiety in the community
- Increased social participation
- Longer, healthier lives
Optimal health and wellbeing as a global resource
- Reduces risk of disease transmission between countries
- Assists in promoting peace and stability
- Promotes social development
- Promotes sustainability
Prerequisites for health
The Ottawa charter identifies specific prerequisites or basic conditions and resources that must be available if any gains in health and wellbeing are to occur.
People should enjoy edible food including some sustainable stew
- Peace
- Shelter
- Education
- Food
- Income
- Sustainable resources
- Equity
- Social justice
- Stable eco system
Peace
The absence of conflict such as civil war or fighting amongst families.
Shelter
Describes a structure that provides protection from the outside environment
- Privacy, safety, security
- Reduced risk of disease
- Reduces stress and anxiety
Education
Empowers individuals and increases their ability to earn an income, understand health promotion messages, exhibit healthy behaviours, and find meaning and purpose in life.
Food
Adequate food intake is both an essential requirement for life and a basic human right.
- Increases ability of individuals to consume required nutrients, which is important for the functioning of the human body.
- Provides energy
- With food security, individuals spend less time looking for food and are less likely to experience stress because they know it is available
Income
Increases the ability to afford resources such as healthcare, recreation, transport and education.
- Increases ability of governments to provide social services and resources such as public housing, education, healthcare, infrastructure and recreational facilities.
A stable ecosystem
An ecosystem is a community that consists of all the living and nonliving components of a particular area.
Sustainable resources
Meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
Social justice
Equal rights for all, regardless of personal traits such as sec, religion, ethnicity, gender age, class or sexual orientation.
When society is just, all people have the same access and opportunities including adequate shelter, food and water, healthcare and recreation and leisure activities.
Equity
Relates to fairness and social justice.
All people should have access to the resources they require for a decent standard of living.
Incidence
The number of new cases of a particular condition during a specific time.
Prevalence
The number or proportion of cases of a particular disease or condition present in a population at a given time
Morbidity
Refers to ill health in an individuals and the levels of ill health in a population or group
Mortality
The death of an individual or the level of death in a population or group
Burden of disease
A measure of the impact of diseases and injuries, specifically it measures the gap between current health status and an ideal situation where everyone lives to an old age free of disease and disability. Burden of disease is measured in a unit called the DALY.
Disability adjusted life year (DALY)
A measure of burden of disease, one DALY equals one year of healthy life lost due to premature death and time lived with illness, disease or injury.
Life expectancy
An indication of how long a person can expect to live, it is the number of years of life remaining to a person at a particular age if death rates do not change
Health adjusted life expectancy (HALE)
A measure of burden of disease based on life expectancy at birth, but including an adjustment for time spent in poor health. It is the number of years in full health that a person can expect to live, based on current rates of ill health and mortality.
Infant mortality
The death of a child before it has its first birthday
Maternal mortality
The death of a woman while pregnant or within 42 days of birth
Under 5 mortality rates (U5MR)
The number of deaths of children under five years of age per 1000 live births
Self assessed health status
A commonly used indicator of health status which reflects a person’s perception of his or her own health and wellbeing at a given point in time
