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2024 Psychology Y12 > Unit 3 AOS 1 Nervous System > Flashcards

Unit 3 AOS 1 Nervous System Flashcards

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1
Q

Action potential

A

the neural message, in the form of an electrical impulse, sent down the axon of a neuron when certain conditions are met.

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2
Q

Adrenaline

A

(also known as epinephrine) a neurohormone that increases physiological arousal and contributes to the consolidation of emotionally arousing memories

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3
Q

Agonist

A

a type of drug that imitates neurotransmitters and works to initiate a neural response (excitatory or inhibitory) when it binds to the receptor sites of a neuron

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4
Q

Antagonist

A

a type of drug that works to prevent a neural response (excitatory or inhibitory) by blocking the receptor sites of a neuron.

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5
Q

Autonomic nervous system

A

the branch of the PNS responsible for connecting the CNS and the body?s visceral (non-skeletal) organs, muscles and glands like the heart and liver.

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6
Q

Axon

A

the long strand-like part of a neuron that transmits a message from one end of the neuron to the other.

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7
Q

Axon terminals

A

the ends of a neuron that release a message into the synapse.

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8
Q

What are some functions of the brain?

A

Processes information,
*performs functions to keep you alive (heartbeat, breathing),
*monitors and regulates the

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9
Q

Brain

A

the body?s information centre, responsible for initiating and processing actions, thoughts and behaviour

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10
Q

Brain trauma

A

damage to the brain that is caused by an external force.

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11
Q

Central nervous system

A

the brain and the spinal cord, responsible for transmitting neural messages to and receiving neural messages from the peripheral nervous system.

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12
Q

Dendrites

A

the bushy spines of a neuron that receive a message

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13
Q

Dopamine

A

a neurotransmitter primarily responsible for the coordination of voluntary movement and experiences of pleasure and pain

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14
Q

Excitatory effect

A

when a neurotransmitter causes the postsynaptic neuron to become more likely to fire an action potential

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15
Q

GABA

A

the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter

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16
Q

Glutamate

A

the primary excitatory neurotransmitter

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17
Q

Inhibitory effect

A

when a neurotransmitter causes the postsynaptic neuron to become less likely to fire an action potential

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18
Q

Interneurons

A

neurons that transfer impulses between sensory and motor neurons as part of the reflex arc

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19
Q

Lock-and-key process

A

an analogy used to describe the role and functions of neurotransmitters and receptor sites in the process of neural transmission

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20
Q

Long-term depression

A

the long-lasting and experience dependent weakening of postsynaptic responses

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21
Q

Long-term potentiation

A

the long-lasting and experiencedependent strengthening of synaptic connections

22
Q

Motor neurons

A

neurons that transmit information (motor neural messages) about voluntary movement from the CNS to the PNS

23
Q

Myelin

A

the fatty protein substance that surrounds and insulates the axon of a neuron

24
Q

Neural plasticity

A

the ability of the brain to physically change in response to experience

25
Q

Neural reception

A

the process in which a neuron accepts, or receives, a message

26
Q

Neural transmission

A

the process in which a neuron sends a message p. 81

27
Q

Neurodegenerative disease

A

a disease characterised by the progressive loss of neurons in the brain p. 219

28
Q

Neurohormone

A

a chemical substance sent from neurons into the bloodstream p. 142

29
Q

Neuron

A

a nerve cell responsible for transmitting, receiving and processing information p. 81

30
Q

Neurotransmitter

A

a chemical substance that carries information between neurons p. 85, 142

31
Q

Parasympathetic nervous system

A

a branch of the ANS responsible for returning and maintaining the body?s visceral organs, muscles and glands at optimal and balanced functioning p. 69

32
Q

Parkinson?s disease

A

a progressive disease of the nervous system characterised by both motor and non-motor symptoms p. 92

33
Q

Peripheral nervous system

A

all nerves outside the CNS, responsible for transmitting information to and from the CNS

34
Q

Postsynaptic neuron

A

the neuron that receives a message from the synapse

35
Q

Presynaptic neuron

A

the neuron that releases a message into the synapse

36
Q

Receptor sites

A

protein molecules located on the dendrites of a postsynaptic neuron, responsible for receiving neurotransmitters

37
Q

Sensory neurons

A

neurons that transmit information (sensory neural messages) about the body?s sensations from the PNS to the CNS

38
Q

Sensory receptor

A

a nerve ending that detects sensations in the environment and body

39
Q

Sensory stimuli

A

anything in the environment or body that is detected by the body?s senses

40
Q

Skeletal muscles

A

muscles connected to the skeleton that are involved in conscious, voluntary movement

41
Q

Somatic nervous system

A

the branch of the PNS responsible for sending motor information from the CNS to the body?s skeletal muscle, and bringing sensory information from the body to the CNS in order to formulate voluntary responses

42
Q

Spinal cord

A

a long cable of nerve tissue (neurons) connecting the brain to the peripheral nervous system, responsible for sending motor information from the brain, and sensory information from the body p. 66

43
Q

Spinal reflex

A

an unconscious response to sensory stimuli that is initiated at the spinal cord, not involving the brain p. 76

44
Q

Spinal sensory-motor circuit (reflex arc)

A

the path that neural messages take as part of the spinal reflex response, involving sensory messages to the spinal cord which are immediately relayed from the spinal cord as motor messages p. 77

45
Q

Sympathetic nervous system

A

a branch of the ANS responsible for activating the body?s visceral organs, muscles, and glands for increased activity or when under threat p. 69

46
Q

Synapse

A

the area in which neuronal transmission occurs between two neurons, including the sending end of the presynaptic neuron, the gap between two neurons, and receiving end of the postsynaptic neuron p. 82, 85

47
Q

Synaptic gap

A

the space in between two neurons into which a message is sent p. 82, 85

48
Q

Synaptic buttons

A

(also known as synaptic knobs, terminal buttons) the end of the presynaptic neuron?s axon terminals that release neurotransmitters p. 85

49
Q

Synaptic plasticity

A

a type of neural plasticity that refers to the ability of synaptic connections to form, weaken or strengthen in response to activity and experience p. 137

50
Q

Visceral muscles (organs or glands)

A

the body?s non-skeletal muscles, organs and glands that are largely self-regulating and don?t require conscious control. These are controlled by the ANS p. 68

2024 Psychology Y12 (7 decks)

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