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HHD exams > Unit 3- AOS 1 > Flashcards

Unit 3- AOS 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Health and Wellbeing DEF.

A

Health and wellbeing relating to the state of a person’s physical, social, emotional, mental and spiritual existence and is characterised by an equilibrium in which the individual feels happy, healthy, capable and engaged

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2
Q

health being dynamic

A

it is ever changing in response to a person’s health suddenly, always changing health

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3
Q

health being subjective

A

how a person views their health is based on their personal judgement, opinions, values and past experiences.

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4
Q

Dimension - Physical

A

Refers to the effective functioning of the body and its systems, including a person’s physical capacity to perform tasks and physical fitness.
looking at their biological or physiological functioning

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5
Q

Physical HWB examples

A
  • healthy body weight
    -freedom from illness
  • strong immune systems
  • well functioning body, systems and organs
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6
Q

Dimension - Social

A

Refers to the ability to form meaningful and satisfying relationships and the ability to adapt appropriately to social situations.

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7
Q

Social HWB examples

A

-supportive network of friends
- well functioning family
- effective communication with others
- ability to adapt to different social situations

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8
Q

Dimension - Emotional

A

Refers to being able to manage and express feelings in a healthy way and display resilience in everyday life.

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9
Q

Emotional HWB examples

A
  • have a high level of resilience
  • effectively respond to and manage emotions
  • recognise and understand a range of emotions
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10
Q

Dimension - Mental

A

Refers to a state of wellbeing relating to the mind or brain and it relates to the ability to think and process information.

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11
Q

Mental HWB examples

A
  • low levels of stress and anxiety
  • positive thought patterns
  • high levels of confidence
  • positive self esteem
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12
Q

Dimension - Spiritual

A

Refers to the need for meaning and purpose in life from non- material entities, which promotes people’s sense of hope, peace, fulfilment, and their will to live.

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13
Q

Spiritual HWB examples

A
  • sense of belonging and connection to the world
  • peace and harmony
  • actin according to beliefs and values
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14
Q

Optimal health and wellbeing

A

an individual or group must be able to identify and to realize aspirations, to satisfy needs, and to change or cope with the environment.

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15
Q

Optimal health for individuals

A
  • More likely to have higher life expectancy
  • reduced risk of illness/premature death
  • reducing stress and anxiety
  • live independently
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16
Q

Optimal health for countries

A
  • Likely to have lower direct, indirect and intangible health expenditure costs - improved life expectancy
  • Less likely to have absenteeism from work and school, higher incomes
  • greater social participation eg volunteering
  • fewer social security costs
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17
Q

optimal health as a global resource

A
  • increased level of peace and security
  • Lower rates of infectious disease and health threats
  • An increase in global economic productivity/trade/ reducing global poverty
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18
Q

PIES _ FESSS

A

peace , income , education , shelter -
food , equity , stable ecosystem , sustainable resources and social justice

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19
Q

PFH - peace

A

Ensuring that people live in a place free of conflict and violence. It also means access to education, health and essential services.

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20
Q

PFH - shelter

A

“A structure that provides protection from the outside environment.” also a dwelling that provides safety, security and privacy.

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21
Q

PFH - education

A

“Empowers individuals and increases their ability to earn an income. - gaining the skills they need to gain meaningful employment

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22
Q

PFH - food

A

“The state in which all persons obtain nutritionally adequate, culturally appropriate, safe food regularly through local non-emergency sources”- Food security.

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23
Q

PFH - income

A

being able to access adequate financial resources to have a decent standard of living.

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24
Q

PFH - stable ecosystem

A

“An ecosystem is a community that consists of all of the living and non-components that live in an environment.
balanced achieved.. “

25
Q

PFH - sustainable resources

A

“Meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs”
-energy production
- clean air and water

26
Q

PFH - social justice

A

fair treatment of all people, equal access to essential services, rights, opportunity.

27
Q

PFH - equality

A

“Equity is not about treating everyone equally but rather providing what individuals or groups require for health and wellbeing. - evening the playing field for the weak and vulnerable.

28
Q

Health status DEF.

A

“Health status is an individual’s or population’s overall health, taking into account various aspects such as life expectancy, amount of disability and levels of disease risk factors”.

29
Q

Health indicators

A

standard statistics that are used to measure and compare health status

30
Q

Self Assessed health status DEF

A

“A measure based on a person’s own opinion about how they feel about their health and wellbeing, their state of mind and their life in general”.

31
Q

Life expectancy

A

“Life expectancy is an indication of how long a person can expect to live if death rates do not change”.

32
Q

Health adjusted life expectancy (HALE)

A

“A measure of burden of disease based on life expectancy at birth, but including an adjustment for time spent in poor health”. It is the number of years in full health that a person can expect to live, based on current rates of ill health and mortality.”

33
Q

Mortality

A

“Refers to death, particularly at a population level”

34
Q

Mortality rate

A

“The measure of the proportion of a population who die in a one-year period (usually per 100,000)”.

35
Q

Infant mortality rate

A

“The rate of deaths of infants between birth and their first birthday, usually expressed per 1000 live births”.

36
Q

under-five mortality rate

A

“The number of deaths of children under five years of age per 1000 live births.”

37
Q

maternal mortality

A

“The death of a mother during pregnancy, childbirth or within six weeks of delivery.”
per 100 000 live births”.

38
Q

morbidity

A

“Morbidity refers to ill health in an individual and the levels of ill health in a population or group”.

39
Q

incidence

A

is the number of new cases of disease during a specific time
(current year generally).

40
Q

Prevalence

A

‘The number or proportion of cases of a particular disease or condition present in a population at a given time.’

41
Q

Burden of disease BOD=DALY

A

“Burden of disease is a measure of the impact of diseases and injuries between current health status and an ideal situation where everyone lives to an old age free of disease and disability”

42
Q

Years of life lost YLL

A

“Years of life lost is a measure of how many years of expected life are lost due to premature death”.

43
Q

Years lost due to disability YLD

A

“Years lost due to disability is a measure of how many healthy years of life are lost due to illness, injury or disability”.

44
Q

4 risk factors to health status and BOD

A
  • alcohol
  • smoking
  • high BMI
  • dietary risks
45
Q

smoking risk for CVD

A

This is because smoking reduces the ability of the blood to carry oxygen, reduces circulation by narrowing blood vessels and increases heart rate.
leads to hypertension which leads to strokes YLL

46
Q

smoking risk for cancer

A

smoking impacts cell division and causes mutations in cells because of the carcinogenic chemicals leading to many cancers which leads to premature death.

47
Q

alcohol risk for liver cancer

A

alcohol consumption is high in Aus because of the culture of binge drinking. regular scaring of the liver tissue from the overconsumption of alcohol can lead to sclerosis which overtime leads to liver cancer which is premature death YLL

48
Q

alcohol contribution to disease

A
  • high in calories which contribute to weight gain and obesity
  • affects motor control in the short terms risking injuries and premature death
  • alcohol whilst pregnant increases the risk of foetal alcohol syndrome
49
Q

high BMI contribution to disease

A
  • hypertension leading to CVD, hardening arteries
  • extra strain on joints increasing risk of arthritis
  • mental health issues such as anxiety and depression
50
Q

underconsumption of vegetables and fruit contribution to disease

A
  • high in nutrients and antioxidants which promotes healthy immune system functioning reducing risks of cancers and CVD
  • veggies are high in fibre meaning you are less likely to eat junk keeping you healthy
51
Q

underconsumption of dairy contribution to disease

A
  • osteoporosis
    -teeth
52
Q

high intake of fat contribution to disease

A
  • type two diabetes
  • high intake of saturated and trans fats increase LDL. speeds up CVD and atherosclerosis
53
Q

high intake of salt contribution to disease

A
  • increases blood volume and pressure. salt draws out the water in your cells. CVD
  • causes calcium to be excreted in urine, osteoperosis
54
Q

high intake of sugar contribution to disease

A
  • sugars are energy dense and if consumed in excess is stored as adipose. weight gain.
55
Q

underconsumption of fibre contribution to disease

A
  • fire adds bulk to your faeces and assists with passing poo. low intake leads to colorectal cancer
  • fibre makes you feel fuller for longer.
56
Q

underconsumption of iron contribution to disease

A

iron forms the ‘haem’ part of haemoglobin that carries oxygen around the body. increased risk of anemia leaving you feeling fatigued often.

57
Q

Biological factors

A

body weight
birth weight
blood pressure
glucose regulation
sex/genetics

58
Q

sociocultural factors

A

ses status
employment
social isolation
cultural influences
access to health care
food security

59
Q

environmental factors

A

housing/ infustructure
work environment
geographical location
climate

HHD exams (1 decks)

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