Unit 3: Animal genetics, Livestock and Companion animals Flashcards
What is a genetic marker ?
A DNA sequence with a known location on a chromosome
What is a genetic linkage map ?
It is a representation of markers on a chromosome in linear order with distances between them expressed as a percent of recombination
What is a physical map ?
A representation of the physical positions of markers in a chromosome
What are genetic markers on the same chromosome called ?
Syntenic
What is synteny ?
The physical co-localisation of genes on the same chromosome in the same species
What is the main principle of genetic mapping ?
That markers must be polymorphic in a mapping population
What is an advantage of genetic mapping ?
It is useful for detection of associations between markers and phenotypic traits within species
What is a disadvantage of genetic mapping ?
It is not useful for comparative analysis between species
What are the 2 types of physical maps ?
- Cytogenetic maps
- Genome sequences
What does a cytogenetic map do ?
Detect position of known DNA fragment on a chromosome by in situ hybridisation
What are cytogenetic maps most commonly used in ?
Most commonly used in variations of fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH)
What is comparative mapping ?
A method used to compare the physical or genetic maps of different species or populations
What can comparative mapping allow for (3) ?
- Comparison of gene orders in two or more genomes
- Comparative map can be integrated with genetic or sequence maps
- Can transfer info between species
How can you ‘breed out’ a mendelian condition ?
- Using selective breeding patterns based on the traits inheritance pattern (dominant or recessive)
- Monitor over generations
