Unit 3: Acids and Bases Flashcards
What does ‘salt’ refer to in the context of acid-base reactions?
Any ionic compound formed from an acid-base reaction.
What is the general formula for an acid-base reaction?
Acid + Base → H₂O + Salt.
What is the role of an indicator in acid-base chemistry?
An indicator changes color in the presence of an acid or base.
What does pH measure in a solution?
The concentration of H⁺ ions, indicating acidity or alkalinity.
How does H⁺ concentration relate to pH values?
High H⁺ concentration corresponds to low pH; low H⁺ concentration corresponds to high pH.
What is the definition of an acid?
A substance that releases H+ ions in an aqueous solution.
What are the characteristics of acids?
Acids have a sour taste, react with metals, contain hydrogen, and can be poisonous or corrosive.
What distinguishes weak acids from strong acids?
Weak acids partially break down and release fewer H+ ions than strong acids.
How do bases differ from acids?
Bases contain hydroxide ions (OH-) and typically taste bitter and feel slippery.
What occurs during the neutralization reaction between acids and bases?
The properties of both acids and bases are destroyed, resulting in a neutral solution.
What are basic oxides?
Basic oxides are oxides of metals that react with water to form hydroxides.
How do amphoteric oxides react with acids and alkalis?
They react with acids to form salt and water, and with alkalis to form salt and water.
What characterizes neutral oxides?
Neutral oxides exhibit neither basic nor acidic properties and do not react to form salts.
Give an example of a basic oxide and its reaction with water.
Calcium Oxide (CaO) reacts with water to produce calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2).
What are the defining characteristics of acids?
Acids have a sour taste, pH less than 7, are corrosive, and produce H+ ions in water.
List three examples of neutral oxides.
Carbon Monoxide (CO), Nitrous Oxide (N2O), and Nitric Oxide (NO).
How do acids react with metals and carbonates?
Acids react with metals to produce salt and hydrogen, and with carbonates to produce salt, water, and carbon dioxide.
What defines a Bronsted-Lowry acid?
A Bronsted-Lowry acid can donate a proton (H⁺).
What is the definition of alkalis?
Alkalis are substances that produce OH- ions in water and have a pH greater than 7.
What do acids produce when they react with reactive metals?
Acids produce salt and hydrogen gas.
What are the products of acids reacting with carbonates?
Acids produce salt, carbon dioxide, and water.
How are strong acids and bases defined?
Strong acids and bases are completely dissociated in aqueous solutions.
Describe the Arrhenius definition of acids.
According to Arrhenius, acids increase hydronium ion (H3O+) concentration in water.
What happens when alkalis react with acids?
Alkalis react with acids to form salt and water.
What role does water play in the Bronsted-Lowry framework?
Water can act as both an acid and a base, illustrating its amphiprotic nature.
What are the characteristics of weak acids and bases?
Weak acids and bases are slightly dissociated in aqueous solutions.
How do Lewis acids and bases differ from Bronsted-Lowry acids and bases?
Lewis acids accept electron pairs; Lewis bases donate electron pairs, not limited to proton transfer.
What are acidic oxides and what do they produce when combined with water?
Acidic oxides are non-metal oxides that produce acids when combined with water.
What is the relationship between strong acids and conjugate bases?
Strong acids have weak conjugate bases, while weak acids have strong conjugate bases.
What is produced in a neutralization reaction with a hydroxide?
Neutralization with a hydroxide forms salt and water.
