Unit 3: A&P - Cells and Tissue

Question 1

Cells can be defined as _____, meaning that they have specialized characteristics.

Answer 1

differentiated

Question 2

All cells are microscopic, ranging from _____ in diameter (red blood cells) to approximately _____ in diameter (female egg cells).

Answer 2

7.5µm
150µm

Question 3

What are the three major components of a composite cell?

Answer 3

cell membrane
cytoplasm
nucleus

Question 4

The various actions of a cell occur in its _____, where nutrient molecules are received.

Answer 4

cytoplasm

Question 5

What are the 6 cytoplasmic organelles that carry out the reactions within the cell’s cytoplasm?

Answer 5

1. Endoplasmic reticulum
2. Ribosomes
3. Vesicles
4. Golgi apparatus
5. Mitochondria
6. Lysosomes

Question 6

Describe the structure and function of endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 6

Structure: flattened sacs, cylinders, and fluid-filled bubble-like sacs called vesicles.

Function:
Smooth ER - lack ribosomes and are responsible for lipid and cholesterol syntheses
Rough ER: contain ribosomes and are responsible for protein synthesis

Question 7

Describe the structure and function of ribosomes

Answer 7

Structure: spherical structures composed of protein and RNA; bound to the rough ER

Function: responsible for protein synthesis

Question 8

Describe the structure and function of vesicles

Answer 8

Structure: membranous sacs

Function: responsible for transferring materials in and out of the cell

Question 9

Describe the structure and function of the Golgi apparatus

Answer 9

Structure: flattened membranous sacs

Function: responsible for transporting proteins synthesized in the rough ER

Question 10

Describe the structure and function of the mitochondria

Answer 10

Structure: elongated, bean-shaped, fluid-filled sacs

Function: the site where cellular respiration occurs (process where energy is released from glucose- a simple sugar); synthesize Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)

Question 11

Describe the structure and function of lysosomes

Answer 11

Structure: spherical membranous sacs

Function: the cell’s “garbage disposal unit”; contain enzymes that destroy cellular waste

ex: in the liver, lysosomes break down toxins and drugs