Unit 3 Flashcards
The principle that an individual human’s beliefs and activities should be understood by others in terms of that individual’s own culture.
Cultural Relativism
Elements developed through social interaction that are transmitted or communicated in some form.
Cultural Trait
Evaluating another culture through the lens of one’s own culture.
Ethnocentrism
Culture traditionally practiced by a small, homogenous, rural group living in relative isolation from other groups.
Folk Culture (Local)
Culture found in a large, heterogeneous society that shares certain habits despite differences in other personal characteristics.
Popular Culture (Global)
The fashioning of a natural landscape by a cultural group.
Cultural Landscape
State of mind derived through the infusion of a place with meaning and remembering important events that occurred in that place or by labeling with a certain character.
Sense of Place
The spread of a feature or trend through the bodily movement of people from one place to another (usually not numbers changing, just spatial patterns).
Relocation Diffusion
The spread of a feature or trend among people from one area to another in an additive process.
Expansion Diffusion
Spreads from person to person through personal contact, spreads based on proximity.
Contagious Diffusion
Spreads down a social or urban hierarchy. Either a famous, rich, powerful person is an early adopter and others follow suit or a trend begins in a large city, then spreads to medium cities and then small towns.
Hierarchical Diffusion
When a trait makes substantial changes while diffusing across a cultural boundary.
Stimulus Diffusion
Place of origin for innovation or invention.
Cultural Hearths
A collection of languages related to each other through a common ancestor long before recorded history.
Language Families
A regional variety of a language distinguished by vocabulary, spelling, and pronunciation.
Dialects
The name given to a particular place on Earth.
Toponym
A religion that attempts to appeal to all people, not just those living in a particular location.
Universalizing religions
A religion with a relatively concentrated spatial distribution whose principles are likely to be based on the physical characteristics of the particular location in which its adherents concentrated.
Ethnic Religions
The process of mixing cultural traits, primarily languages.
Creolization
A language mutually understood and commonly used in trade by people who have different native languages.
Lingua Franca
An attempt by one country to establish a settlement to impose its political, economic, and cultural principles. (Sending people to go live in settled colonies).
Colonialism
Control of a territory already occupied. Build empires through military force and war and conquest.
Imperialism
An increase in the percentage of the number of people living in urban settlements.
Urbanization
Actions or processes that involve the entire world and result in making something worldwide in scope.
Globalization
Places and people are getting closer together because of improvements in technology that make transportation and communication easier.
Time-Space Convergence
People start having one mass, global culture. Done through globalization, spread of popular culture, and social media.
Cultural Convergence
People start to leave their culture and abandon certain elements of it.
Cultural Divergence
Choosing to adapt elements of another culture (usually the dominant culture) while still maintaining one’s own culture. (“Salad dressing”).
Acculturation
Being forced to adapt elements of a different culture (usually the dominant culture). (“Melting pot”).
Assimilation
Blending and merging of different cultures together.
Syncretism
Cultural diversity within a society. The belief that different cultural or ethnic groups have a right to remain distinct.
Multiculturalism
