Unit 3

Question 0

Arguments against affirmative action

Answer 0

Reverse discrimination
Lowers motivation/standards
Prevents truly colourblind society
Undermines minority achievement

Question 1

Arguments for affirmative action

Answer 1

Promotes diversity
Levels the plying field
Breaks down racial stereotypes
It works

Question 2

Evidence of political/social/economic inequalities in African Americans

Answer 2

Lack of politician representation , only 6 ever served in senate
Clinton cancer of disparities crack cocaine vs powder
Unemployment 15.8% black 8.8% whites

Question 3

Evidence of social political economic success in a.americans

Answer 3

Obama, S.court justice Clarence thomas
2003 no excuses book education attainment based on culture
In 2002 46% blacks own their own home

Question 4

Pacs?

Answer 4

Max contribution$5,000, but unlimited pacs

Rise of pacs due to ability to pool support/donations

Question 5

Super pacs?

Answer 5

Raise unlimited $ however must publically declare and can’t coordinate with candidates/parties. Free to directly advocate for/against candidate

Question 6

527s?

Answer 6

Can no longer fund adverts directly
Circumvented by not using magic words
Spend their money on voter mobilisation or advertising eg. Swift boat vets for truth -Kerry false testimony 71

Question 7

Hard money

Answer 7

Unregulated fund given to political parties or unregulated organisations eg 527s

Question 8

How and whyPg influence president?

Answer 8

Set legislative agenda
Power to persuade
Encourage to use executive orders eg Mexico City policy

Question 9

How and why of influence federal bureaucracy?

Answer 9

Civil servants, log term agendas, allow pg access to try and thwart his will
Iron triangles eg $726b defense bill
Regulatory capture eg Gulf of Mexico oil disaster

Question 10

Iron triangles

Answer 10

PGs congressional committee and federal bureaucracy
Creates bonds of mutual interest, unaffected by change of party
Pg gain considerable influence
Hard to break

Question 11

Reasons as methods pg influence Supreme Court

Answer 11

Reasons, judicial review ‘politicians in robes’ constitution can be morphed, effective veto in controversial issues

Methods:
Litigation (funding test cases eg McDonald b Chicago) gun law
Amicus curiae briefs; present legal briefings to court

Question 12

Lobbyists

Answer 12

12,997 registered, revolving door, k street corridor, persuasion industry
Vey effective sunlight foundation, max baucus, pharma contributed, disallowed pg into first hearing on healthcare