Unit 3

Question 1

Unlearned Behavior-Environmental Relations

Answer 1

Reflexes, Kinesis, Taxes, and Fixed action Patterns. Only Reflex is related to human behavior.

Question 2

Define Reflex

Answer 2

Simple relation between an antecedent stimulus and reflex response. Reflex is S-R relationship

Question 3

Reflex Relationship

Answer 3

Stimulus: Salt on the tongue
Reflex Response: Salivation
Salt elicits salivation

Question 4

Elicit

Answer 4

Strongly, consistently, and reliably evoke.

Used exclusively for respondent functional relations. It is incorrect to use it for operant functional relations.

Question 5

Unconditioned Reflex

Answer 5

Simple relation between specific stimulus and specific innate, involuntary response.

Question 6

Critical Attributes of Unconditioned Reflex

Answer 6

1. Stereotypic - highly invariant in form
2. Reflexes and Reflex Responses are innate (phylogenic provenance). Don’t have to be learned. Product of our genetic history.
3. Reflex responses are involuntary. Mediated by autonomic nervous system. NOT the central cortex.
4. All members of the species share the same set of reflexes.
5. Highly invariant in time of appearance of development

Question 7

Variable Attributes of Unconditioned Reflex

Answer 7

Tissue type involved: most reflex responses involve smooth muscles and glands.
Most appear in during early infancy, but some may appear later.
Most retain for a lifestyle, but some disappear over time.

Question 8

Examples of Human Reflexes

Answer 8

Knee jerk, eye blink

Question 9

Unconditioned Stimulus (US)

Answer 9

Elicits unconditioned response without prior learning. Stimulus part of a reflex.

Question 10

Critical Attributes of Unconditioned Stimulus

Answer 10

1. Environmental change must precede unconditioned response (UR)
2. Stimulus in unconditioned reflex.
3. Must elicit UR without prior learning.

Question 11

Habituation

Answer 11

Temporary reduction of a reflex response due to repeated presentation of the eliciting stimulus. Gradual reduction. Presentations must occur within a relatively short period of time. ONLY used when referring to reflexes.

Question 12

Adaptation

Answer 12

Adaptation is a reduction in the frequency or magnitude of a response or a set of responses as a result of prolonged exposure to a stimulus or an environmental context.

Question 13

Potentiation

Answer 13

Temporary increase of a reflex response due to repeated presentation of the eliciting stimulus. Most likely to be produced by aversion stimulus

Question 14

Sensitization

Answer 14

Tendency of stimulus to elicit a reflex response following the elicitation of that response by a different stimulus

Question 15

Respondent Conditioning

Answer 15

Simple relation between a specific conditioned stimulus and a conditioned involuntary response. Learned through the contingent pairing of the neutral stimuli with unconditioned stimuli or other conditioned stimuli. Almost always hihgly similar, if not identical, to the UR. ALL conditioned reflexes are based on UR.