Unit 3

Question 1

Mycenaeans

Answer 1

people who settled on the Greek mainland around 2000 B.C.

Question 2

Trojan War

Answer 2

a war

Question 3

Dorians

Answer 3

a group of people who moved into the war torn country-side

Question 4

Homer

Answer 4

greatest story-teller who was blind

Question 5

Epics

Answer 5

narrative poems celebrating

Question 6

Myths

Answer 6

traditional stories

Question 7

Polis

Answer 7

the fundamental political unit in ancient Greece

Question 8

Acropolis

Answer 8

fortified hilltop

Question 9

Monarchy

Answer 9

king ruled in government

Question 10

Aristocracy

Answer 10

government ruled by small group of landowning family

Question 11

Oligarchy

Answer 11

government ruled by a few powerful people

Question 12

Tyrants

Answer 12

ruler

Question 13

Democracy

Answer 13

rule by the people

Question 14

Helots

Answer 14

peasants forced to be slaves

Question 15

Phalanx

Answer 15

formation soldiers used in war

Question 16

Persian Wars

Answer 16

between Greece and Persian Empire

Question 17

Direct Democracy

Answer 17

government where citizens rule directly and not through people

Question 18

Classical art

Answer 18

the value of harmony, order, balance, and proportion

Question 19

Tragedy

Answer 19

serious drama about common themes

Question 20

Comedy

Answer 20

scenes filled with crude humor

Question 21

Peloponnesian War

Answer 21

war between two city-states

Question 22

Philosophers

Answer 22

“lovers of wisdom”

Question 23

Socrates

Answer 23

Critic of the Sophists

Question 24

Plato

Answer 24

A student of Socrates

Question 25

Aristotle

Answer 25

philospher

Question 26

Macedonia

Answer 26

Kingdom located just north of Greece

Question 27

Alexander the Great

Answer 27

man who accomplished many things

Question 28

Darius III

Answer 28

Persian King

Question 29

Hellenistic

Answer 29

the blend of Egyptian, Persian, and indian influence `

Question 30

Alexandria

Answer 30

center of commerce in Hellenistic culture

Question 31

Archimedes

Answer 31

important Hellenistic scientist

Question 32

Colossus of Rhodes

Answer 32

bronze statue stood more than 100 feet high

Question 33

What impact did nearness to the sea have on the development of Greece?

Answer 33

As the Greeks became skilled sailors, the importance of trade increased because the Greeks lacked natural resources

Question 34

What aspects of culture did the Mycenaens adopt from the Minoans?

Answer 34

Seaborne trade, artistic designs, writing system, religious practice, politics, literature

Question 35

Why were the epics of importance to the Greeks during the Dorian Period?

Answer 35

They were important because instead of writing stories down (because in this time period the written word had disappeared) they were told by the spoken word

Question 36

How does an aristocracy differ from an oligarchy?

Answer 36

The aristocracy was made up of nobles, while the oligarchy was just powerful people

Question 37

What contributions did Solon and Cleisthenes make to the development of Athenian democracy?

Answer 37

Solon outlawed debt slavery. Cleisthenes broke up the power of nobility by organizing citizens into groups based on where they lived, not wealth. He also allowed all citizens to submit laws for debate and passage

Question 38

How did Athens benefit from victory in the Persian Wars?

Answer 38

Athens emerged as the leader of the Delian League which had grown into at least 200 city-states

Question 39

What steps did Pericles take to strengthen democracy in Athens?

Answer 39

He increased the number of officials that were paid salaries

Question 40

What were the battle strategies of Athens and Sparta in the Peloponnesian War?

Answer 40

Athens - 
- To avoid land battles with the Spartan army
- Wait to strike from the sea
Sparta - 
- Strike from land
- To burn the Athenian food supply

Question 41

Why do you think some of the Athenians found the ideas of Socrates so disturbing?

Answer 41

Because they had never been asked to question their own morals

Question 42

How was Philip the Second able to conquer Greece?

Answer 42

He made the phalanx that was 16 men all across, and 16 men deep

Question 43

Philip the Second’s goal was to conquer Persia. Why did Alexander continue his campaign of conquest after this goal had been achieved?

Answer 43

Because he was greedy and because Alexander’s sense of adventure led him to believe that he would be able to conquer all the civilizations and unite them

Question 44

What happened to Alexander’s empire after his death?

Answer 44

His generals split the empire into three parts and a vibrant new culture emerged from the blend of Greek and Eastern customs

Question 45

How did trade contribute to the cultural diversity of the Hellenistic city of Alexandria?

Answer 45

It made it so that it became and international community so it had a rich mixture of customs and traditions

Question 46

How did Euclid influence some of the developments in astronomy during the Hellenisitc period?

Answer 46

The astronomers, Eratosthenes and Aristarchus, used his geometry text that we still use today

Question 47

How did stoicism and epicureanism have in common?

Answer 47

They both promote having social unity