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Chem U2 Atomic Structure and Properties > Unit 3 > Flashcards

Unit 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the mole equation?

A

1 mole = 6.02 x 1023

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2
Q

What is Avogadro’s Number?

A

The number of particles in 1 mole of a substance

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3
Q

What is amount (n)?

A

The quantity of a substance in moles

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4
Q

What is the most important equation of this unit?

A
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5
Q

What is the equation to convert number of moles to number of particles and vice versa?

A
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6
Q

What is Avogadro’s constant?

A
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7
Q

What is the law of definite proportions?

A

A chemical compound always contains the same proportions of elements by mass

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8
Q

What is percentage composition?

A

The percent by mass of each element in a compound

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9
Q

How do you find percentage composition?

A

Add the mass percents of all the elements in the compound (should add to 100%)

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10
Q

What is mass percent?

A

The mass of an element in a compound, expressed as a percentage of the total mass of the compound

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11
Q

How do you find mass percent of each element in a compound?

A

Divide the mass of each element by the total mass of the compound and multiply by 100

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12
Q

How do you determine percentage composition from a chemical formula?

A

Divide the molar mass of each element by the molar mass of the entire compound and multiply by 100

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13
Q

What are the steps to finding the molecular formula?

A

1) Determine the empirical formula
2) Find the molar mass of the empirical formula
3) Divide the actual molar mass by the empirical formula molar mass - this gives you the multiplication factor “X”
4) Multiply the subscripts of the empirical formula by this factor “X”

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14
Q

What is stoichiometry?

A

The study of quantitive relationships among the amounts of reactants and products in a chemical reaction

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15
Q

What is a mole ratio?

A

The ratio of the amounts (in moles) of any two substances in a balanced chemical equation

*IN A BALANCED EQUATION THE COEFFICIENTS INDICATE THE NUMBER OF MOLES*

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16
Q

What are the steps to solving stoichiometry questions?

A

1) Write out the balanced chemical equation
2) Check and check again to make sure it’s balanced
3) Write the information given in the question under each reactant/product in the equation
4) Understand what is being asked by the question (is it grams or moles?)
5) Convert grams to moles
6) Use a mole ratio to find moles where needed
7) If needed, convert moles back into grams
8) Double check your calculations

17
Q

What are stoichiometric amounts?

A

When the amounts of reactants present is the same proportion as the coefficients in the balanced chemical equation

18
Q

What is a limiting reagent?

A

A reactant that is completely used up during a reaction - it limits how much product is made as once it runs out, the reaction stops

19
Q

What is an excess reactant?

A

A reactant that remains after a reaction is over

20
Q

What do we use to determine how many moles of a product is made?

A

Moles of limiting reagent

21
Q

What is theoritcal yield?

A

The amount of product predicted by stoichiometric calculations

22
Q

What is actual yield?

A

The actual amount of product found to be produced when you do the reaction in a lab

23
Q

What is a competing reaction?

A

A second reaction that occurs along with the main reaction and involves the reactants and/or products of the principal reaction

24
Q

What are factors that lower actual yield of a reaction?

A

1) Competing reaction (reactants)
2) Competing reaction (products)
3) Reaction rates
4) Reversable reaction
5) Purity of the reactants
6) Laboratory techniques

25
Q

What is the collision theory?

A

In order for a reaction to occur, particles must collide with the proper orientation and energy

26
Q

What is percentage yield?

A

The actual yield of a reaction expressed as a percentage of theoretical yield

27
Q

What is percentage purity?

A

Describes what proportion by mass of a sample is composed of the actual chemical

Chem U2 Atomic Structure and Properties (4 decks)

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