Unit 3 Flashcards
What is Beringia?
A land bridge that once combined Asia and America
Kennewick Man
-oldest skeleton we have from the new world (8-9,000 yrs ago)
- pronto-Caucasian
- found in Kennewick, Washington
What is Clovis point?
- oldest stone tool from new world
- discovered in Clovis, New Mexico
- made from fine materials such as obsidian
- very sharp edges
What are the 3 sisters?
Corn, beans, squash
Easter Island
- large and rich society
- many housing foundations
- society broken into 11-12 territories
-hundreds of large stones (Maoi)
What factors contributed to the Easter island collapse?
- forests gone
- limited food supply
- limited fuel supply
- erosion
Maya vs. Mayan
Maya: culture/ppl
Mayan: language
Maya religious belief system
Popul Vuh:
- ## the “maize” god
Hash/Tzolk’in
Haab: solar calendar made up of 20 months
Tzolk’in: 260 day calendar that matches 9 cycles of the moon
-together, they make up the long count
Sites important to Maya history
- Tikal
- El Mirador
- Palenque
- Copan
- Chichen Itza
The Maya collapse
- ppl dying from war/disease
- ppl are moving away
Tatiana Proskouriaff
-artist/reconstructionist from Syberia
Tenochtitlan
- manmade Aztec City
- built on a swampy island in Lake Texcocco
- present day- Mexico City
- very large (200,000 ppl)
What are chinampas?
“Floating gardens”
-narrow, artificial islands in lakes using mud, vegetation and dirt
- would grow the 3 sisters
- method is still used today
Aztec language
Logographic/syllabic
-extensive written records: debt, stories, history
Aztec Calendar
365 day count, 260 day ritual count (sets of 13)
Aztec Religion
Polytheistic
- Quetzalcoatl (creator god)
- Huizilopochtli (sun god)
- there wasn’t a guarantee that sun would run, only sacrifice would guarantee it
Archaeology vs. history
History can paint a different picture than what is actually on the ground
What is underwater archaeology?
The use of archaeology in aquatic settings
-used for research and bc it the site may be required to be excavated by the govt
What was the Harris survey?
Telephone survey that looked at adults 18+ and how much ingests they had in archaeology
- showed high level of interest
- showed that general public care about preserving sites/artifacts
3 phases of cultural resource management?
Identifying/survey, assessing, management
Antiquities act of 1906
President has the authority to state whether or not something can be built/set aside artifacts, monuments, etc
Historic sites act of 1935
The 1st US law to declare preservation to be a national policy
-encouraged widespread preservation efforts throughout the states
NAGPRA
Addresses the rights of native Americans to cultural items such as human remains, sacred objects and other cultural objects
When are forensic anthropologists used in archaeology?
-individuals who are missing, homicide, suicide
- mass disasters
- human rights issues
*positive ids must be given
What is disaster archaeology ?
Genocide, natural disasters, war zones
What is pulque?
Aztec, Maya, Zapotec, Huastec alcoholic beverage
