Unit 3 Flashcards

1
Q

accounting profit

A

revenue - explicit cost

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2
Q

economic profic

A

revenue - economic cost

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3
Q
short run
(long run guidelines)
A

no change in capacity

  1. total product
  2. Marginal product (extra)
  3. Avg. Product (per workers) = TP/#workers
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4
Q

law of diminishing marginal returns

A

labor added until pt where marginal product decreases, why demand curve goes down

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5
Q

fixed cost

A

short run

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6
Q

variablle cost

A

long run

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7
Q

total cost

A

fixed+variable, starts at FC in graph

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8
Q

average costs

A
AFC = TFC/C
AVC = TVC/Q
AVT = TC/Q
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9
Q

marginal cost

A

MC=TC/Q; intersects AVC and ATC at minimum

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10
Q

LRATC/planning curve

A

long run, multiple factories, connects short runs at tangent

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11
Q

market structure

A

perfect competition-monopolistic competition-oligopoly-pure monopoly

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12
Q

pure competition

A
  1. large # producers
  2. Standardized product
  3. Price takers
  4. Free entry/exit
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13
Q

MC=MR

A

max profit:

  1. produce at last unit
  2. prefer no shutdown
  3. all structures
  4. in PC, P=MR (break even pt)
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14
Q

pure monopoly

A
  1. single seller
  2. No close substitute
  3. Price maker
  4. Blocked entry
  5. non-price competition
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15
Q

barriers to entry

A
  1. economy to scale
  2. legal barriers (patents, licences)
  3. ownership of resources
  4. price strategy (monopolist created monopoly)
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16
Q

economy to scale

A

produced at lowest possible cost, competition can’t pay

17
Q

pure monopoly assumptions

A
  1. barrier to entry exists
  2. no gov. regulations
  3. Single price monopolists
18
Q

pure monopoly misconceptions

A
  1. want to charge highest price
  2. total profit not per unit profit
  3. profit is not guaranteed
19
Q

price discrimination types

A
  1. charge max their willing to pay
  2. Different sets(# of items determines $)
  3. Charging different prices to everyone
20
Q

price discrimination requirements

A
  1. monopoly power
  2. market segregation
  3. No resale
21
Q

regulated monopoly

A

government sanctioned;
fair return where ATC=D
socially economic where MC=D

22
Q

monopolistic competition

A
  1. large # sellers (no collusion)
  2. no interdependence
  3. differentiated product
  4. easy entry/exit
  5. use of advertising
23
Q

differentiated product

A
  1. attributes
  2. service (knowledge/reputation)
  3. location
  4. brand name
  5. some control over price
24
Q

long run

A

normal profit, break even

25
Q

concentration ratio

A

output of top 4 firms;
>40% olgiopoly
<40% monopolisitc competition

26
Q

herfindahl index

A
range 0 (pure comp. ) to 10,000(pure mono.)
(%a) squared + (%b) squared ...etc...
27
Q

oligopoly

A
  1. few large producers
  2. homogenous or differentiated product
  3. control over price, mutually interdependent,
  4. entry barriers
  5. mergers
28
Q

oligopoly shortcomings

A
  1. localized markets
  2. interindustry competition
  3. world trade
  4. dominant firms
29
Q

game theory

A

study strategic situations

30
Q

payoff matrix

A

dominant vs dominated strategy, nash equillibrum

31
Q

dominant strategy

A

best payoff for individual regardless

32
Q

dominated strategy

A

whichever isn’t dominant

33
Q

nash equilibrium

A

both have same dominant strategy

34
Q

economies of scale

A

downward, advantages of increase plant size

  1. labor and managerial specialization
  2. ability to purchase/effciently use goods
35
Q

diseconomies

A

upward, if a firm is too large

1. caused by distant management, problems with communication/coordination