Unit 3 Flashcards
(186 cards)
What is fascia lata?
Fascia of the thigh
What is crural fascia?
Fascia of the leg
Compartments of the lower limb and their innervations and their divisions
In the thigh: - Anterior compartment: Femoral n, posterior division - Posterior compartment: Tibial n, anterior division - Medial compartment: Obturator n, anterior division
In the leg:
- Anterior compartment: Deep fibular n, posterior division
- Posterior compartment: Tibial n, anterior division
- Lateral compartment: Superficial fibular n, posterior division
Tarsal tunnel syndrome and problems associated with it
Compression of the tibial nerve as it passes beneath the flexor retinaculum on the medial aspect of the ankle joint.
This can lead to parasthesia or even anesthesia of the plantar surface of the foot, and problems w/ movements of the toes.
Compartment syndrome and problems associated with it
Increased tissue pressure in one of the compartments (like anterior compartment thigh or anterior compartment of leg). May be caused by inflammation resulting from trauma to muscles in the compartment. This inflammation can put pressure on nerves and vessels traveling within or through the compartment. Can lead to ischemia and dysfunction of muscles included in the specific compartment due to decreased blood flow from vessel compression.
Which compartment of the lower limb is one of the more common compartment syndromes?
Anterior compartment syndrome (increased pressure in anterior compartment of the leg)
Lumbosacral plexus innervation; its spinal cord levels; and fiber types
Innervates skeletal muscles and skin of lower limb and pelvis from ventral rami T12-S4.
Carries sensory, motor, and postganglionic sympathetic fibers
Lumbosacral trunk
Serves as a connecting link btwn lumbar and sacral portions of lumbosacral plexus (it’s formed by L4 and L5)
Name the “non-limb” nerve closely related to sacral component of lumbosacral plexus and its spinal cord segments.
What does it innervate?
Pudendal nerve comes from ventral rami S2-S4.
Provides sensory innervation for perineal region and external genitalia, and motor fibers to striated skeletal muscle of external genitalia and external anal sphincter.
Name the major arteries to the lower limb
- Femoral artery
- Superior gluteal artery
- Inferior gluteal artery
- Obturator artery
What is the largest artery in the lower limb?
Femoral artery
What are the branches of the femoral artery?
- Medial femoral circumflex
- Lateral femoral circumflex
- Profunda femoris (deep femoral)
Where are lower limb arteries positioned?
On the flexor side of the joints
How does the femoral artery get to the flexor side of the knee joint?
The femoral artery passes to posterior aspect of the femur near its distal end through the adductor hiatus (hole) in the adductor magnus muscle
When does the femoral artery become popliteal artery?
Femoral artery goes through adductor hiatus and enters popliteal fossa to become popliteal artery.
Branches of the popliteal artery and where it distributes to
- Anterior tibial artery
- Posterior tibial artery
- Fibular artery
Distributes to leg and foot
Branches of anterior tibial artery
- Dorsalis pedis artery
2. Dorsal arch of the foot
Branch and subbranch of posterior tibial artery
- Fibular artery (which branches into lateral and medial plantar arteries to form plantar arch)
Plantar arch gives rise to what arteries?
Common digital arteries
Proper digital arteries
Collateral circulation around the hip is provided through what structure?
Cruciate anastomosis, which forms from 3 branches of the femoral artery (medial femoral circumflex, lateral femoral circumflex, first perforating branch of profunda femoris) and a branch of the internal iliac artery (inferior gluteal artery).
When does lower limb development begin?
~4 weeks gestation; lags behind upper limb
Name the cutaneous nerves of the lumbosacral plexus and their spinal cord segments
- Subcostal (T12)
- Iliohypogastric (L1)
- Ilioinguinal (L1)
- Genitofemoral (L1-L2)
- Lateral femoral cutaneous (L2-L3)
Name the anterior division nerves of the lumbosacral plexus and their spinal cord segments
- Obturator (L2-4)
2. Tibial (L4-S3) (from sciatic nerve)
Name the posterior division nerves of the lumbosacral plexus and their spinal cord segments
- Femoral (L2-4)
- Superior gluteal (L4-S1)
- Inferior gluteal (L5-S2)
- Common fibular (L4-S2) (from sciatic nerve)