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Higher Human Biology > Unit 3 > Flashcards

Unit 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

What makes up the nervous system

A

Central nervous system and peripheral nervous system

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2
Q

What is the CNS made up of

A

Brain and spinal cord

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3
Q

What is the PNS made up of

A

Nerves

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4
Q

What is the function of the brain

A

For processing information

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5
Q

What is the function of the spinal cord

A

To connect the brain with the PNS

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6
Q

What is the function of nerves

A

To carry information to and from the body

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7
Q

What is the PNS split up into

A

Autonomic systems and somatic systems

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8
Q

What does somatic systems control

A

Voluntary actions

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9
Q

What does autonomic systems control

A

Involuntary actions

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10
Q

What is the autonomic system split into

A

Sympathetic and parasympathetic

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11
Q

What is the function of the sympathetic

A

To prepare body for fight or flight

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12
Q

What does sympathetic do to the body

A

Increases heart rate
Increases breathing rate
Inhibits digestive processes
Relaxes bladder

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13
Q

What is the function of parasympathetic

A

Prepares body for rest and digest to allow for recovery

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14
Q

What does the parasympathetic do to the body

A

Decreases heart rate
Decreases breathing rate
Increases rate of peristalsis
Contracts bladder

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15
Q

What is the function of the cerebral cortex

A

Coordinated voluntary movements and receives sensory information and controls decision making

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16
Q

What is the function of the limbic system

A

Controls emotion, behaviour and biological motivation e.g. If hungry you eat

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17
Q

What is the function of the cerebellum

A

Controls balance posture and movement

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18
Q

What is the function of the medulla

A

To control actions without conscious thought e.g. Peristalsis, breathing rates

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19
Q

What is the function of the corpus callosum

A

A bundle of fibres which connect the two cerebral hemispheres together passing information between them

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20
Q

What are the three types of functional areas in the cerebral cortex

A

Sensory
Association
Motor

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21
Q

What is the function of the motor area

A

To send impulses to the skeletal muscles

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22
Q

What is the function of the sensory area

A

Receives senses from the skin organs and muscles

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23
Q

What is the function of the association area

A

Receives impulses from eyes

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24
Q

What is the process of touching something hot

A
  • The sensory area receives information from receptions in the skin
  • The association area analyses and interprets the information to make a decision
  • The motor area receives the information from the association area and carries out the orders by sending motor impulses to the elbow muscles
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25
Q

Define episodic memories

A

Recall of personal facts and memories

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26
Q

Where are episodic memories stored

A

Various regions of the cortex

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27
Q

Define semantic memories

A

Recall of general knowledge and facts

28
Q

Where are semantic memories stored

A

Various regions of the cortex

29
Q

Define spatial memories

A

Recall of info about the environment and where objects are positioned

30
Q

Where are spatial memories stored

A

Limbic system

31
Q

Define procedural memories

A

Motor and mental skills

32
Q

Where are procedural memories stored

A

Motor cortex

33
Q

Define emotional memories

A

From when positive or negative associations are made with experiences e.g. Going to the dentist

34
Q

Define perception

A

Where the brain processes, analyses and makes sense of out-coming sensory information

35
Q

What are the three areas of perception

A

Recognition
Segregation of objects
Perception of distance

36
Q

What is segregation of objects

A

Where the brain segregated the image into the figure and the background to make a coherent pattern

37
Q

What is relative size

A

The further away something is the smaller it looks

38
Q

What is superimposition

A

When one object to blocking another the image that is being blocked looks further away

39
Q

What is relative height and field

A

When the objects have their base levels below a visible horizon and the objects with the lower bases appear closer

40
Q

Binocular disparity

A

The eyes see two images from different angles however the brain fuses the images together to give an overall perception of the object

41
Q

Perceptual constancy

A

The capacity to appreciate the unchanging dimensions of an object as it moves

42
Q

Perceptual set

A

A group of expectations based on past experience and context which affects how stimulus is perceived

43
Q

Define recognition

A

The ability to perceive an objects physical properties such as shape colour and texture

44
Q

Define memory

A

The capacity to recall information when required

45
Q

What are the three stages of memorising

A

Encoding
Storage
Retrieval

46
Q

When information enters the brain where does it go

A

Sensory memory -> short term memory -> then either to long term memory OR discarded

47
Q

How long does sensory information last

A

A few seconds

48
Q

How long does short term memory last

A

30 seconds

49
Q

How can STM be lost

A

By displacement or decay

50
Q

Methods of moving info from the STM to the LTM

A

Rehearsal
Elaboration
Organisation

51
Q

How can retrieval happen

A

By contextual cues (reminders) and signs

52
Q

What is a neuron

A

a nerve cell

53
Q

What is a nerve

A

bundles of fibres which carry electrical impulses from one part of the body to another

54
Q

What are the fibres in neurons called

A

dendrites and axons

55
Q

What is the function of a dendrites

A

to conduct nervous impulses towards the cell body

56
Q

What is the function of an axon

A

to conduct nervous impulses away from the cell body

57
Q

What are the three types of neurons

A

sensory, inter, motor

58
Q

What is the function of a sensory neuron

A

carry impulses into the CNS

59
Q

What is the function of an inter neuron

A

conducts impulses within the CNS, linking sensory and motor neurons

60
Q

What is the function of a motor neuron

A

conduct impulses from the CNS to muscle or glands

61
Q

What are the roles of a glial cell

A

providing physical support for neurons, production of myelin sheaths, maintain a homeostatic environment around neurons.

62
Q

What is a neurotransmtter

A

chemicals that relay messages from nerve to nerve outwith and within the brain.

63
Q

Where do neurons connect with other neurons

A

the synaptic cleft

64
Q

Where are neurotransmitters stored

A

in vesicles in the pre-synaptic cleft

65
Q

What do neurons bind to when diffusing across the cleft

A

receptors

Higher Human Biology (4 decks)

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