unit 3-4 test review

Question 1

Systems in which individuals are forced to work against their will, often through the use of threats, violence, or other forms of coercion. These systems can include practices such as slavery, indentured servitude, and forced labor.

Answer 1

Coercive Labor Systems

Question 2

Labor system that was implemented by the Spanish colonizers in the Americas during the colonial period. Under this system, Spanish conquistadors or settlers were granted land and the right to extract labor or tribute from the Indigenous populations living on that land.

Answer 2

Encomienda System

Question 3

A hierarchical social structure that was prevalent in the Spanish colonies in the Americas during the colonial period. It was based on racial classification and determined a person’s social status and privileges based on their ancestry and racial background.

Answer 3

Casta system

Question 4

The widespread exchange of plants, animals, diseases, and ideas between the Eastern and Western Hemispheres following the voyages of Christopher Columbus in the late 15th century.

Answer 4

Colombian exchange

Question 5

Agricultural crops that are grown primarily for sale and profit, rather than for personal consumption. These crops are typically cultivated on a large scale and are in high demand in domestic or international markets.

Answer 5

Cash crops

Question 6

Communities of escaped slaves who formed independent settlements in the Americas. They often lived in remote and inaccessible areas, such as mountains or swamps, where they could establish their own self-governing societies.

Answer 6

Maroons

Question 7

Where millions of African people were forcibly taken from their homes, transported across the Atlantic Ocean, and sold as slaves in the Americas. It was a brutal and exploitative system that lasted for several centuries.

Answer 7

Trans-Atlantic slave trade

Question 8

When a contagious disease spreads rapidly and affects a large number of people within a specific population or region.

Answer 8

Epidemic

Question 9

The last imperial dynasty of China.

Answer 9

Qing dynasty

Question 10

Empires that primarily expand and govern their territories through land conquests. They rely on military strength and control over vast land areas. (Ex- The Gunpowder Empires)

Answer 10

Land-based empires

Question 11

Empires that primarily expand and exert control through naval power and dominance over sea trade routes. They often establish colonies and control distant territories for economic gain.

Answer 11

Maritime Empires

Question 12

The feudal military government that ruled Japan from 1603 to 1868. During the period, Japan experienced a long period of stability, known as the Edo period, with a centralized government, strict social hierarchy, and isolationist policies.

Answer 12

Tokugawa Shogunate

Question 13

The extensive exchange of silver and other goods between different regions of the world during the 16th to 19th centuries. It played a significant role in connecting various continents and shaping global economies. This not only facilitated the flow of silver but also led to the exchange of other goods, ideas, and cultures between different parts of the world.

Answer 13

Silver trade/ Global trade network

Question 14

Individuals who are sent by a religious organization or group to spread their faith and teachings to people in different parts of the world. They often engage in activities such as preaching, providing education, offering humanitarian aid, and establishing religious communities.

Answer 14

Missionaries

Question 15

Belief systems that emerge from the blending or merging of different religious traditions or practices. In this, elements from multiple religions are combined, resulting in a unique and distinct belief system.

Answer 15

Syncretic Religions

Question 16

The blending and merging of different cultural elements, practices, and beliefs to create a new, hybrid culture. It occurs when different cultures come into contact and interact with one another, leading to the exchange and integration of ideas, traditions, and customs.

Answer 16

Cultural syncretism

Question 17

Companies that were formed by investors who pooled their resources together to finance large-scale ventures, such as overseas exploration, trade expeditions, and colonization.

Answer 17

Joint stock companies

Question 18

An economic theory and practice that was prevalent during the 16th to 18th centuries. It emphasized the idea that a nation’s wealth and power were determined by its accumulation of precious metals, such as gold and silver. Their policies aimed to maximize exports and minimize imports, promoting a favorable balance of trade.

Answer 18

Mercantilism

Question 19

Elite infantry units of the Ottoman Empire. They were originally composed of young Christian boys who were taken from their families, converted to Islam, and trained to serve as soldiers.

Answer 19

Ottoman Janissaries

Question 20

The acceptance, respect, and freedom given to individuals or groups to practice their own religious beliefs and customs without interference or discrimination. It promotes the idea that people of different religions should coexist peacefully, allowing for diversity and mutual understanding.

Answer 20

Religious tolerance

Question 21

The exploration and discovery of new lands, territories, and trade routes through sea voyages. It involves the exploration of oceans, seas, and coastlines by sailors, navigators, and explorers. Played a crucial role in expanding geographical knowledge, trade networks, and cultural exchange between different regions of the world.

Answer 21

Maritime exploration

Question 22

The following are all examples of _______________

Compass: The invention of the compass allowed sailors to determine their direction, enabling more accurate navigation and the ability to venture further from the coast.

Astrolabe: The astrolabe was a navigational instrument used to measure the altitude of celestial bodies, such as the sun and stars. This allowed sailors to determine their latitude and improve their accuracy in navigation.

Quadrant and Cross-staff: These instruments were used to measure the angle between the horizon and celestial bodies, aiding in determining latitude and navigation.

Caravel: The caravel was a versatile and maneuverable ship design that emerged during the Age of Exploration. It featured a combination of square and lateen sails, allowing for improved speed and maneuverability.

Improved Mapping and Charting: Cartographers developed more accurate maps and charts, incorporating new knowledge gained from explorations. This provided sailors with better information about coastlines, currents, and navigational hazards.

Chronometer: The invention of the chronometer, a highly accurate timekeeping device, enabled sailors to determine their longitude with greater precision, improving navigation and reducing the risk of getting lost at sea.

Answer 22

Advances in Navigation/Maritime Technology

Question 23

A significant religious movement in the 16th century that led to the establishment of Protestantism as a separate branch of Christianity. It was sparked by the teachings and criticisms of Martin Luther, a German monk, who challenged certain practices and teachings of the Catholic Church.

Answer 23

Protestant Reformation

Question 24

A response by the Catholic Church to the Protestant Reformation. It aimed to address the criticisms and challenges posed by the Protestant movement while also revitalizing and reforming the Catholic Church from within. Included efforts to clarify Catholic doctrine, combat corruption within the clergy, and improve the education and training of priests.

Answer 24

Catholic Reformation

Question 25

A German monk, theologian, and key figure in the Protestant Reformation. Born in 1483, became disillusioned with certain practices of the Catholic Church, particularly the sale of indulgences. In 1517, he famously posted his Ninety-Five Theses, which criticized these practices and sparked a widespread debate. Emphasized salvation by faith alone, the authority of the Bible, and the priesthood of all believers.

Answer 25

Martin Luther

Question 26

A significant uprising by Native American Pueblo peoples against Spanish colonizers in the region of present-day New Mexico in 1680. The Pueblo people, who had been subjected to forced labor, religious oppression, and cultural assimilation by the Spanish, rose up in a coordinated effort to reclaim their lands and preserve their way of life.

Answer 26

Pueblo Rebellion

Question 27

A Native American tribe who historically inhabited the southern Great Plains of North America. They were known for their skilled horsemanship, hunting, and warfare tactics. They were a nomadic people who relied heavily on the buffalo for their way of life.

Answer 27

The Comanche