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Psyc 290 > Unit 3&4 Motivation Emotion Human Devt > Flashcards

Unit 3&4 Motivation Emotion Human Devt Flashcards

1
Q

Cannon Bard

A

Emotions and physiological response happen simultaneously

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2
Q

James Lange theory

A

Physiological response first sparks emotional response

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3
Q

Schacter two factor theory

A

Physiological response is interpreted cognitively to decide the emotion we’re feeling

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4
Q

False dichotomy

A

Creates an either or choice when there are really more options - but limiting the listener to one thing or something extremely unfavourable

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5
Q

Weak analogy

A

Applying an analogy to two things that aren’t similar in the way that they are being compared, sharing few similar characteristics

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6
Q

Circular reasoning

A

Restating the same thing as an argument for the initial thing

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7
Q

Irrelevant reasons

A

Like it sounds - reasons that make no sense

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8
Q

Slippery slope

A

If you allow one thing to happen it opens things up like a slippery slope to something so much worse

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9
Q

Hypothalamus and hunger

A

Focus of research neural circuits

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10
Q

Women place more interest in

A

Status ambition financial prospects

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11
Q

Men prefer

A

Physical attractiveness and youthfulness

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12
Q

Affiliation motive

A

Need to associate with others and maintain social bonds

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13
Q

Baumeister belongingness hypothesis

A

Humans have a pervasive need to form and maintain at least a minimum quantity of lasting positive significant relationships – and that we actively resist dissolution of these interpersonal bonds

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14
Q

Expectancy value models of motivation

A

Expectancy -perceived likelihood of the thing combined with the value you’re placing on it

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15
Q

Orgasms in men vs women

A

95 vs 60-70% of the time

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16
Q

Accommodation vs assimilation

A

Piaget
Assimilation = interpretation of new experiences into existing mental structures without changing them
Accommodation = changing existing mental structures to explain new experiences

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17
Q

Piaget order of stages

A

Sensorimotor preoperational concrete operational, formal operational

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18
Q

Teratogen

A

External agents that can harm the fetus, incl nicotine, alcohol, drugs, and stress

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19
Q

Personality development in adulthood research focus

A

Stable personality over the life span

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20
Q

Drive theory

A

Relieving internal state of tension to maintain Homeostasis or equilibrium

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21
Q

Motivation

A

Goal directed behavior

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22
Q

Incentive theory

A

External goal

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23
Q

Expectancy value model

A

Takes real possibility of achieving goal+ value you put on it

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24
Q

Evolutionary theory of motivation

A

Based on maximizing reproductive success

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25
Biological motives
Procreate hunger thirst satisfying biological needs
26
Social motives
To belong or for dominance or affiliation
27
Cck
Satiety signal after food consumed
28
Leptin
Produced by fat cells - leptin high reduced hunger, leptin low increased hunger
29
All the hunger hormones converge at the...
Arcuate and para ventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus
30
Strong predictors of happiness
Relationship satisfaction Work satisfaction Genetics and personality
31
Moderate predictors of happiness
Health Social activity Religion
32
Fallacies
Weak analogies irrelevant reasons Circular reasoning Slippery slope
33
34
Parental investment theory
Species mating patterns depend on what each sex has to invest in time energy survival risk to nurture offspring - trivers Female humans more selective because greatest investment in the parental process 9 months etc
35
Buss gender differences
Men more likely porn masturbate Appearance more important
36
Homosexuality genetic?
Generic predisposition possibly
37
Achievement motive
Need to master challenges outperform others
38
Achievement behavior dependant on
Strength of ones motivation to achieve success (which is stable) and fear of failure (stable) Probability of success or failure (situational so variable) Incentive value of the success or failure (situational so variable) Atkinson's model As tasks get easier achievement gets less satisfying
39
Depression in adolescence
Significant as high as 20% and suicide
40
Marcia's 4 identity statuses
Foreclosure Identity diffusion Moratorium Identity achievement
41
Galvanic skin response
Increased electric conductivity when sweat glands increase their activity
42
Thomas and chess
Longitudinal study on tempérament - tempérament at 3 months a good predictors of temperature at age 10
43
Erikson stage theory
8 stages Trust vs mistrust yr 1 Autonomy vs shame/doubt yr 2/3 Initiative vs guilt 4-6 Industry vs inferiority 6-puberty Identity vs confusion teens Intimacy vs isolation young adult Generativity vs self absorption middle adult Integrity vs despair late adult
44
Conservation
In concrete operational Piaget
45
Hierarchical daisies vs flowers, cows vs animals
Concrete operational
46
Formal operational
Logical systematic thinking etc
47
Brain in adolescence
Volume of gray matter declines = synaptic pruning white matter growing Role of prefrontal cortex in adolescent risk taking has been exaggerated
48
Kohlberg stage theory
Pre conventional - punishment and naive reward orientation conventional level Good boy authority orientation Post conventional level Social contract orientation Individual principles / conscience orientation
49
Piaget - limitation
Didn't account for cultural variations
50
51
52
53
54
Harlow
Terry towel monkey
55
Attachment theory
67% secure attachment
56
Personality and distinctiveness
Distinctiveness Central concept of personality , consistent tendency to behave certain way
57
Personality traits big 5
Extraversion neuroticism Openness Agreeableness Conscientiousness
58
Dark tetrad
Machiavelli psychop narcissism sadism
59
Freud
Ego Id Super ego Conscious Pre conscious Unconscious
60
Internal tension
Defense mechanisms unconscious reactions that protect a person from unpleasant emotions - eg rationalizations, repression, projection, displacement, reaction formation (opposite reaction), identification, sublimation
61
Freud Psycho sexual stages of development
Oral year 1 Anal year 2 Phallic year 4 Latency 6-12 Génial 13+
62
Strengths of psychodynamic approach
Internal conflict Early childhood key Defense mechanism
63
Criticisms psychodynamic approach
Poor testability Inadequate evidence Sexism Unrepresentative samples
64
Skinner
Reinforcement shapes behavior
65
Bandura
Can't neglect cognitive processes - personality shaped thru learning but conditioning not exclusive of people as passive participants
66
67
Observational learning impact
Self efficacy impact - low = worry responses beyond capabilities. High, feeling confident
68
Mischel
Belief that knowledge of favorable reward will care hard work
69
Rogers
Self realization self concept Congruence - unconditional love from parents leads to this Incongruence conditional love
70
Eysenck
Biological theory of personality - hierarchical - many superficial traits derived from smaller number of more basic traits eg extraversion - > lively, active, assertive, sensation seeking
71
72
73
Carl Jung and Eysenck and introversion
Introverts more easily conditioned due to higher arousability which leads to more conditioned inhibitions leading to inward focus
74
Kohlberg expanded on ok piaget work
Moral reasoning 6 stages
75
Jung
Collective unconscious, hidden ancestral memories called archetypes
76
Adler
Universal drive to adapt and master challenges, inferiority complex when extreme
77
OAPLG
oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital
78
4 uses of personality tests
Clinical diag Vocational counseling Hiring Research
79
Tat Thematic apperception test
Tell story about image on card
80
Hindsight bias
Tendency to reshape view of past to fit how things turned out
81
Social schémas
Organized clusters of info ideas about categories is social events and people
82
Five factor model of personality - ECANO
Extraversion Conscientiousness Agreeableness Neuroticism Openness to experience McCrea and Costa
83
Defining personality involves what two things
Consistency and distinctiveness
84
Weiner's model of attributions
Stability vs internal/external dimensions
85
Matching hypothesis
Males and females is approx equal physicall attractiveness are likely to select each other
86
3 components of attitudes
Strength Accessibility Ambivalence
87
IAT
Implicit association test - how quickly people associate carefully chosen pairs of concepts identifying subtle but implicit racism or certain attitudes
88
Source factors
Credibility expertise trustworthiness likability attractiveness similarity
89
Message factors
Fear appeal v logic One sided v two sided argument Number of strong or weak argument's. Repetition
90
Mere exposure effect
Repeated exposure makes you like something more
91
Festinger cognitive dissonance
Trying to align beliefs with behavior
92
Central route
Message e itself
93
Peripheral route
Persuasion friends on non message factors ,-; attractiveness and credibility of source, conditioned emotional responses
94
Asch
Study with the lines and power of the number of people who think otherwise
95
How do people view conformity
Tend to see others as conforming and ourselves as making sensible decision based on fact
96
Normative influence
Conforming because of fear of negative social consequences
97
Informational influence
Look to others for guidance
98
Milgram
Shock study
99
2 factors contributing to reduced productivity in large groups
Reduced efficiency from lack of coordination Social loafing
100
101
Primary appraisal of event re stress lazarus
Irrelevant not stressful Relevant not threatening Stressful
102
Hassle scale of stress
Questionnaire 53 items
103
104
Ellis and stress
People can short circuit their emotional reactions by altering their appraisals of stressful events. Changing their view changes their feeling
105
Ellis
People can short circuit emotional réactions to stress by altering their appraisals of stressful events
106
Ellis catastrophic thinking
Break down into defensible premises
107
Main contributer to non adherence to medical advice
Social support
108
Dsm5
Overlaps not siloed
109
Holmes anxiety factors
Level of anxiety Justification of anxiety Consequences of anxiety
110
Self discrepancy theory
Ought ideal actual
111
Maslow and childhood influences?
Not connected
112
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Psyc 290 (2 decks)

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