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English Language > unit 3 & 4 metalanguage > Flashcards

unit 3 & 4 metalanguage Flashcards

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Proverbs and Idioms flashcards
1
Q

assimilation

A

when phonemes that are close to each other in a word change to sound more alike, often for ease of pronunciation

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2
Q

vowel reduction

A

when vowels in unstressed positions in words are reduced to a schwa

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3
Q

elision

A

when phonemes are removed from the pronunciation of a word

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4
Q

insertion

A

when additional phonemes are inserted into words

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5
Q

International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)

A

a set of symbols in which each symbol corresponds to a sound that humans can pronounce

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6
Q

pitch

A

how low or high a sound is. pitch is altered by changing the speed of the vibration of the vocal cords

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7
Q

intonation

A

the contrastive use of pitch in speech

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8
Q

tempo

A

the speed at which an utterance is spoken

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9
Q

stress

A

how loudly and how long different syllables are uttered

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10
Q

volume

A

the loudness of a speaker’s utterance. can be changed to convey emotion or according to the speaker’s surroundings

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11
Q

Phonological patterning

A

phonological patterning refers to stylistic features that relate to the sound of words

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12
Q

name the types of phonological patterning

A

Alliteration
Assonance
Consonance
Onomatopoeia
Rhythm
Rhyme

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13
Q

alliteration

A

The repetition of phonemes at the beginning of words in a phrase, clause or sentence.

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14
Q

assonance

A

The repetition of vowel phonemes across phrases, clauses or sentences.

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15
Q

consonance

A

The repetition of consonant phonemes, often as syllable final boundaries.

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16
Q

onomatopoeia

A

The process by which evocative words are created from the sounds they represent.

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17
Q

rhythm

A

Rhythm is created when the intonation of a set of words is repeated across two or more phrases, clauses or sentences.

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18
Q

rhyme

A

The repetition of similar phonemes at the end of two or more words. This entails the direct manipulation of consonance and assonance in word-final syllables.

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19
Q

affixation

A

the process of attaching an affix (either a prefix, suffix or infix) to a word

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20
Q

shortening

A

a shortening is a word formed from another word by dropping an ending (or sometimes a beginning)

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21
Q

compounding

A

the process of creating new words by putting two or more free morphemes together

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22
Q

blending

A

smooshing two words together and cutting out the middle to make a new word! tada!

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23
Q

backformation

A

A backformation is a word that appears to be the root of another word, but in actuality became a word after its longer form was popularised.

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24
Q

conversion of word class

A

when words operate as multiple word classes with no changes

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25
Q

initialism

A

initialisms stemmed from the first letters of other words and are pronounced as letters

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26
Q

acronym

A

acronyms are initialisms that have are now pronounced phonetically

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27
Q

contraction

A

contractions are when two words are put together with some of the middle letters dropped, and represented with an apostrophe

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28
Q

inflectional morpheme

A

an inflectional morpheme is a bound morpheme that does not change the meaning or class of the word it is attached to, but simply provides grammatical information such as plurality, possession or tense

29
Q

derivational morpheme

A

a derivational morpheme is a bound morpheme that changes the meaning of words, creates new words or changes the word class

30
Q

root

A

a root morpheme is the semantic base or centre of a word

31
Q

bound morpheme

A

a bound morpheme is a morpheme that cannot stand on its own; it must be attached to a free morpheme

32
Q

free morpheme

A

a free morpheme is a morpheme that can exist as a word in its own right

33
Q

word loss

A

the process in which a word falls out of usage. it happens for a variety of reasons, including taboo, or because the thing which the word describes doesn’t exist/isn’t relevant anymore. elevation/deterioration of a word’s semantic meaning is also a form of word loss.

34
Q

archaism

A

a word that is no longer used

35
Q

neologism

A

a brand new word, expression or usage. they can be words invented/created with no reference to pre-existing words, or words that have undergone other processes

36
Q

commonisation

A

a specific term turned into a generalised term

37
Q

borrowing

A

a word borrowed or adapted from another langauge

38
Q

function word

A

a word that exists to perform a job, which is most commonly conveying grammatical relationships between words in a sentence

39
Q

content word

A

a word in a sentence that carries real world meaning, words that provide content in sentences

40
Q

semantic patterning

A

Stylistic features that relate to the meanings of words

41
Q

name the types of semantic patterning

A

Figurative language
Irony
Metaphor
Oxymoron
Simile
Hyperbole
Personification
Animation
Puns
Lexical ambiguity

42
Q

figurative language

A

a hypernym that refers to words or terms that are not meant to be taken literally

43
Q

irony

A

Irony is when a text creator states one thing, but their intended meaning is the opposite of their statement.

44
Q

metaphor

A

Metaphor involves calling a thing something that it literally is not. It is often used to help us understand things that we aren’t familiar with.

45
Q

oxymoron

A

An oxymoron is an utterance that involves putting two seemingly contradictory ideas together.

46
Q

simile

A

Similar to metaphors, but instead of saying something literally is something, they say it is ‘similar’ or ‘like’ another concept, idea, feeling, object, etc.

47
Q

hyperbole

A

hyperbole is a fancy word for exaggeration

48
Q

personification

A

personification is when human qualities are given to something that isn’t human

49
Q

animation

A

animation involves giving animate qualities to things that are inanimate

50
Q

puns

A

puns are plays on words that utilise different sounds or meanings of words

51
Q

lexical ambiguity

A

Lexical ambiguity occurs when the context does not indicate which meaning should be applied to words

52
Q

broadening

A

when the range of contexts in which a word can appear expands. basically, it becomes a more general term

53
Q

narrowing

A

when the range of contexts in which a word can appear is reduced

54
Q

elevation

A

elevation is a semantic shift in which words acquire positive connotations or lose negative connotations

55
Q

deterioration

A

deterioration is a semantic shift in which words acquire negative connotations or lose positive connotations

56
Q

shift

A

when semantic shift occurs, the meaning of words are altered significantly, if not entirely

57
Q

noun

A

The name of a person, place or thing.

58
Q

count noun

A

Count nouns are words like ‘student’ or ‘picture’ (to pluralise just add an ‘-s’.

59
Q

mass noun

A

Mass nouns are words such as ‘wine’ or ‘bread’.

60
Q

proper nouns

A

Proper nouns are names.

61
Q

common nouns

A

Common nouns are all nouns that aren’t proper nouns.

62
Q

concrete nouns

A

Concrete nouns are nouns that are real things that you could touch.

63
Q

abstract nouns

A

Abstract nouns are nouns that talk about objects you couldn’t physically touch.

64
Q

verbs

A

Most of the time, verbs are defined as doing words, all though this example excludes verbs such as ‘to be’.

65
Q

syntactic patterning

A

Syntactic patterning involves the repetition of elements larger than single words

66
Q

name the types of syntactic patterning

A

listing
parallelism
antithesis

67
Q

antithesis

A

antithesis involves putting two opposing ideas in order to create juxtaposition

68
Q

listing

A

listing is when a text creator needs to list three or more related items or concepts. it cuts down on repetition by ellipsing terms that would otherwise have to be repeated

69
Q
A

English Language (1 decks)

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