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Valencia Cybersecurity Operations Spring 2021 > Unit 3-4 Exam > Flashcards

Unit 3-4 Exam Flashcards

1
Q

What are two advantages of the NTFS file system compared with FAT32? (Choose two.)

NTFS allows faster access to external peripherals such as a USB drive.
NTFS supports larger files.
NTFS provides more security features.
NTFS allows faster formatting of drives.
NTFS is easier to configure.
NTFS allows the automatic detection of bad sectors.

A

NTFS supports larger files.
NTFS provides more security features.

Answers Explanation & Hints:
The file system has no control over the speed of access or formatting of drives, and the ease of configuration is not file system-dependent.

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2
Q

What technology was created to replace the BIOS program on modern personal computer motherboards?

UEFI
RAM
CMOS
MBR

A

UEFI

Answers Explanation & Hints:
As of 2015, most personal computer motherboards are shipped with UEFI as the replacement for the BIOS program.

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3
Q

A technician has installed a third party utility that is used to manage a Windows 7 computer. However, the utility does not automatically start whenever the computer is started. What can the technician do to resolve this problem?

Uninstall the program and then choose Add New Programs in the Add or Remove Programs utility to install the application.

Use the Add or Remove Programs utility to set program access and defaults.

Change the startup type for the utility to Automatic in Services .

Set the application registry key value to one.

Match the Windows 10 boot sequence after the boot manager (bootmgr.exe) loads.

A

Change the startup type for the utility to Automatic in Services .

Answers Explanation & Hints:
The Services console in Windows OS allows for the management of all the services on the local and remote computers. The setting of Automatic in the Services console enables the chosen service to start when the computer is started.

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4
Q

dir command does what?

A

dir - lists files in a directory.

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5
Q

mkdir command does what?

A

mkdir - creates a new directory

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6
Q

cd command does what?

A

cd - change directory

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7
Q

ren command does what?

A

ren - renames a file

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8
Q

What is the Windows 10 boot sequence after the boot manager (bootmgr.exe) loads.

A

The windows boot loader Winload.exe loads

Ntoskrnl.exe and hal.dll are loaded

Winload.exe reads the Registry, chooses a hardware profile, and loads the device drivers.

Ntoskrnl.exe takes over the process.

Winlogon.exe is loaded and executes the logon process.

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9
Q

Which two commands could be used to check if DNS name resolution is working properly on a Windows PC? (Choose two.)

nslookup cisco.com
net cisco.com
ping cisco.com
nbtstat cisco.com
ipconfig /flushdns
A

ping cisco.com
nslookup cisco.com

Answers Explanation & Hints:
The ping command tests the connection between two hosts. When ping uses a host domain name to test the connection, the resolver on the PC will first perform the name resolution to query the DNS server for the IP address of the host. If the ping command is unable to resolve the domain name to an IP address, an error will result.

Nslookup is a tool for testing and troubleshooting DNS servers.

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10
Q

A user logs in to Windows with a regular user account and attempts to use an application that requires administrative privileges. What can the user do to successfully use the application?

Right-click the application and choose Run as root .

Right-click the application and choose Run as Priviledge .

Right-click the application and choose Run as Superuser .

Right-click the application and choose Run as Administrator .

A

Right-click the application and choose Run as Superuser .

Answers Explanation & Hints:
As a security best practice, it is advisable not to log on to Windows using the Administrator account or an account with administrative privileges. When it is necessary to run or install software that requires the privileges of the Administrator, the user can right-click the software in the Windows File Explorer and choose Run as Administrator .

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11
Q

Which type of Windows PowerShell command performs an action and returns an output or object to the next command that will be executed?

scripts
cmdlets
routines
functions

A

cmdlets

Answers Explanation & Hints:
The types of commands that PowerShell can execute include the following: cmdlets – perform an action and return an output or object to the next command that will be executed
PowerShell scripts – files with a .ps1 extension that contain PowerShell commands that are executed
PowerShell functions – pieces of code that can be referenced in a script

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12
Q

A user creates a file with .ps1 extension in Windows. What type of file is it?

PowerShell script
PowerShell cmdlet
PowerShell function
PowerShell documentation

A

PowerShell script

Answers Explanation & Hints:
The types of commands that PowerShell can execute include the following: cmdlets – perform an action and return an output or object to the next command that will be executed
PowerShell scripts – files with a .ps1 extension that contain PowerShell commands that are executed
PowerShell functions – pieces of code that can be referenced in a script

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13
Q

What is the purpose of using the net accounts command in Windows?

to start a network service

to display information about shared network resources

to show a list of computers and network devices on the network

to review the settings of password and logon requirements for users

A

to review the settings of password and logon requirements for users

Answers Explanation & Hints:
These are some common net commands:
net accounts – sets password and logon requirements for users
net start – starts a network service or lists running network services
net use – connects, disconnects, and displays information about shared network resources
net view – shows a list of computers and network devices on the network
When used without options, the net accounts command displays the current settings for password, logon limitations, and domain information.

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14
Q

What is the purpose of entering the netsh command on a Windows PC?

to create user accounts

to test the hardware devices on the PC

to change the computer name for the PC

to configure networking parameters for the PC

A

to configure networking parameters for the PC

Answers Explanation & Hints:
The netsh.exe tool can be used to configure networking parameters for the PC from a command prompt.

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15
Q

Which statement describes the function of the Server Message Block (SMB) protocol?

It is used to manage remote PCs.
It is used to stream media contents.
It is used to share network resources.
It is used to compress files stored on a disk.

A

It is used to share network resources.

Answers Explanation & Hints:
The Server Message Block (SMB) protocol is primarily used by Microsoft to share network resources.

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16
Q

A PC user issues the netstat command without any options. What is displayed as the result of this command?

a local routing table

a network connection and usage report

a list of all established active TCP connections

a historical list of successful pings that have been sent

A

a list of all established active TCP connections

Answers Explanation & Hints:
When used by itself (without any options), the netstat command will display all the active TCP connections that are available.

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17
Q

Registry description.

A

a hierarchical database of all system and user information.

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18
Q

Windows firewall description

A

Selectively denies traffic on specific interfaces

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19
Q

PowerShell description.

A

a CLI environment used to run scripts and automate tasks.

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20
Q

Event Viewer

A

maintains system logs.

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21
Q

Which Windows tool can be used by a cybersecurity administrator to secure stand-alone computers that are not part of an active directory domain?

Local Security Policy
Windows Defender
Windows Firewall
PowerShell

A

Local Security Policy

Answers Explanation & Hints:
Windows systems that are not part of an Active Directory Domain can use the Windows Local Security Policy to enforce security settings on each stand-alone system.

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22
Q

An IT technician wants to create a rule on two Windows 10 computers to prevent an installed application from accessing the public Internet. Which tool would the technician use to accomplish this task?

Computer Management

DMZ

Local Security Policy

Windows Defender Firewall with Advanced Security

A

Windows Defender Firewall with Advanced Security

Answers Explanation & Hints:
Windows Firewall with Advanced Security or the Windows 10 Windows Defender Firewall with Advanced Security is used to create inbound and outbound rules, connection security rules such as security traffic between two computers, and monitoring any active connection security rules.

23
Q

Why would a network administrator choose Linux as an operating system in the Security Operations Center (SOC)?

It is easier to use than other operating systems.

It is more secure than other server operating systems.

More network applications are created for this environment.

The administrator has more control over the operating system.

A

The administrator has more control over the operating system.

Answers Explanation & Hints:
There are several reasons why Linux is a good choice for the SOC.
Linux is open source.
The command line interface is a very powerful environment.
The user has more control over the operating system.
Linux allows for better network communication control.

24
Q

Which type of tool allows administrators to observe and understand every detail of a network transaction?

log manager
ticketing system
packet capture software
malware analysis tool

A

packet capture software

Answers Explanation & Hints:
Network packet capture software is an important tool because it makes it possible to observe and understand the details of a network transaction.

25
Q

Why is Kali Linux a popular choice in testing the network security of an organization?

It is an open source Linux security distribution containing many penetration tools.

It can be used to intercept and log network traffic.

It can be used to test weaknesses by using only malicious software.

It is a network scanning tool that prioritizes security risks.

A

It is an open source Linux security distribution containing many penetration tools.

Answers Explanation & Hints:
Kali is an open source Linux security distribution that is commonly used by IT professionals to test the security of networks.

26
Q

A Linux system boots into the GUI by default, so which application can a network administrator use in order to access the CLI environment?

file viewer
system viewer
terminal emulator
package management tool

A

terminal emulator

Answers Explanation & Hints:
A terminal emulator is an application program a user of Linux can use in order to access the CLI environment.

27
Q

chmod function

A

chmod - modifies file permissions

28
Q

ps function

A

ps - lists the processes that are currently running.

29
Q

pwd function

A

pwd - displays the name of the current working directory.

30
Q

sudo function

A

sudo - elevates privileges.

31
Q

What is the outcome when a Linux administrator enters the man man command?

The man man command configures the network interface with a manual address

The man man command provides a list of commands available at the current prompt

The man man command provides documentation about the man command

The man man command opens the most recent log file

A

The man man command provides documentation about the man command

Answers Explanation & Hints:
The man command is short for manual and is used to obtain documentation about a Linux command. The command man man would provide documentation about how to use the manual.

32
Q

Which Linux command can be used to display the name of the current working directory?

ps
pwd
chmod
sudo

A

pwd

Answers Explanation & Hints:
One of the most important commands in Linux is the pwd command, which stands for print working directory. It shows users the physical path for the directory they are working in.

33
Q

CLI description

A

a text based interface that accepts user commands.

34
Q

shell description

A

a program that interprets and executes user commands.

35
Q

daemon description

A

a background process that runs without the need for user interaction.

36
Q

53 - protocol

A

DNS

37
Q

23 protocol

A

Telnet - TCP

38
Q

25 protocol

A

SMPT

39
Q

443 protocol

A

HTTPS

40
Q

What is the well-known port address number used by DNS to serve requests?

25
110
53
60

A

53

Answers Explanation & Hints:
Port numbers are used in TCP and UDP communications to differentiate between the various services running on a device. The well-known port number used by DNS is port 53.

41
Q

Which two methods can be used to harden a computing device? (Choose two.)

Allow USB auto-detection.

Ensure physical security.

Enforce the password history mechanism.

Allow default services to remain enabled.

Update patches on a strict annual basis irrespective of release date.

A

Ensure physical security.

Enforce the password history mechanism.

Answers Explanation & Hints:
The basic best practices for device hardening are as follows:
Ensure physical security.
Minimize installed packages.
Disable unused services.
Use SSH and disable the root account login over SSH.
Keep the system updated.
Disable USB auto-detection.
Enforce strong passwords.
Force periodic password changes.
Keep users from reusing old passwords.
Review logs regularly.
42
Q

Consider the result of the ls -l command in the Linux output below. What are the file permissions assigned to the sales user for the analyst.txt file?

ls –l analyst.txt
-rwxrw-r– sales staff 1028 May 28 15:50 analyst.txt

read, write, execute
read only
read, write
write only

A

read, write, execute

Answers Explanation & Hints:
The file permissions are always displayed in the User, Group and Other order. In the example displayed, the file has the following permissions:
The dash ( – ) means that this is a file. For directories, the first dash would replaced with a “d”.
The first set of characters is for user permission (rwx). The user, sales, who owns the file can read, write and execute the file.
The second set of characters is for group permissions (rw-). The group, staff, who owns the file can read and write to the file.
The third set of characters is for any other user or group permissions (r–). Any other user or group on the computer can only read the file.
43
Q

Which user can override file permissions on a Linux computer?

any user that has ‘group’ permission to the file

root user

any user that has ‘other’ permission to the file

only the creator of the file

A

root user

Answers Explanation & Hints:
A user has as much rights to a file as the file permissions allow. The only user that can override file permission on a Linux computer is the root user. Because the root user has the power to override file permissions, the root user can write to any file.

44
Q

daemon

A

a running background process that does not need user interaction.

45
Q

hardening

A

protecting remote access

46
Q

symlink

A

a type of file that is a reference to another file or directory.

47
Q

000 file permission description in Linux.

A

no access

48
Q

001 file permission description in Linux.

A

execute only

49
Q

010 file permission description in Linux.

A

write only

50
Q

101 file permission description in Linux.

A

read and execute

51
Q

110 file permission description in Linux.

A

read and write only

52
Q

What are two benefits of using an ext4 partition instead of ext3? (Choose two.)

compatibility with CDFS

compatibility with NTFS

decreased load time

improved performance

an increase in the number of supported devices

increase in the size of supported files

A

improved performance

increase in the size of supported files

Answers Explanation & Hints:
Based on the ex3 file system, an ext4 partition includes extensions that improve performance and an increase in the of supported files. An ext4 partition also supports journaling, a file system feature that minimizes the risk of file system corruption if power is suddenly lost to the system.

53
Q 
n the Linux shell, which character is used between two commands to instruct the shell to combine and execute these two commands in sequence?
$
|
#
%
A

|

Answers Explanation & Hints:
In the Linux shell, several commands can be combined to perform a complex task. This technique is known as piping. The piping process is indicated by inserting the character “|” between two consecutive commands.

54
Q

Why is Linux considered to be better protected against malware than other operating systems?

customizable penetration and protection tools

fewer deployments

file system structure, file permissions, and user account restrictions

integrated firewall

A

file system structure, file permissions, and user account restrictions

Answers Explanation & Hints:
The Linux operating design including how the file system is structured, standard file permissions, and user account restrictions make Linux a better protected operating system. However, Linux still has vulnerabilities and can have malware installed that affects the operating system.

Valencia Cybersecurity Operations Spring 2021 (14 decks)

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