Unit 3 Flashcards
0
Q
Contains the chromosomes, a membrane-bound structure in the center of the eukaryotic cell
A
Nucleus
1
Q
The powerhouse of the cell. Makes ATP by breaking down sugar in the presence of oxygen. What is this organelle and how many ATP does make
A
Mitochondria, 32 ATP
2
Q
Makes proteins
A
Ribosomes
3
Q
The highly of cell, there are two types
A
Rough ER and smooth ER
4
Q
Packages proteins and other molecules. Membranes sacks that aren’t connected
A
Golgi body
5
Q
A jelly like substance that supports organelles
A
Cytoplasm
6
Q
Jelly like substance in the nucleus
A
Nucleoplasm
7
Q
Carries material through the cell
both
A
Endoplasmic reticulum ER
8
Q
Breaks down sugar molecules into energy
Both
A
Mitochondria
9
Q
Uses energy from sun to make food
Plant
A
Chloroplast
10
Q
Produces proteins
Both
A
Ribosomes
11
Q
Packages proteins and other macromolecules
Both
A
Golgi body
12
Q
Controls water content
Animal
A
Small vacuoles
13
Q
Storage and liquid filled
Plant
A
Large central vacuole
14
Q
Controls the cell
Both
A
Nucleus
15
Q
Jelly like substance that Supports and protects cells organelles
Both
A
Cytoplasm
16
Q
Breaks down large food molecules into smaller molecules
Animal
A
Centrioles
17
Q
Helps the cell maintain its shape
Both
A
Cytoskeleton
18
Q
Controls movement of material in and out of the cell
Both
A
Cell membrane
19
Q
I am a real powerhouse
, I break down food to release energy
A
Mitochondria
20
Q
I’m strong and stiff
getting through to me is tough I’m found only in plants
but I guess that’s enough
A
Cell wall
21
Q
I am the brain of the cell
I regulate activities from day today
A
Nucleus
22
Q
Found only in plant cells, green, make food for the plant using the suns energy
A
Chloroplast
23
Q
Full of holes, flexible, and then control what gets out and what comes in
A
Cell membrane
24
Proteins are made here, can be found in the cytoplasm, or attached to ERs wall
Ribosomes
25
I've been called a storage tank
| I'm a sack filled with water, food, enzymes, or waste
Vacuole
26
Since are you contain many enzymes, I can digest and injured cell; And can break down a large molecule into a smaller one as well
Lysosomes
27
First cell to evolve
Prokaryotic
28
The basic unit of life
Cells
29
A fundamental concept of biology
Cell theory
30
The cell theory states
- All living things are composed of cells
- Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things
- New cells are produced from existing cells
31
A large membrane enclosed structure that contains the cells genetic material to form DNA
Nucleus
32
Are cells that contain nuclei
Eukaryotes
33
Are cells that do not contain nuclei
Prokaryotes
34
Many of these structures act as if they are specialized organs, these structures are known as
Organelles
35
The portion of the cell outside of the nucleus
Cytoplasm
36
The nucleus is surrounded by this in composed of two membranes
Nuclear envelopment
37
Consists of DNA bound to protein
Chromatin
38
These distinct, threadlike structures contain the DNA information that is passed from one generation of cells to the next
Chromosome
39
Where the assembly of ribosomes begin
Nucleolus
40
Small particles of RNA and protein found throughout the cytoplasm
Ribosomes
41
Eukaryotic Cells also contain an internal membrane system known as
Endoplasmic reticulum
42
Proteins produced in the rough ER move next into an organelle called the
Golgi apparatus
43
Small organelles filled with enzymes
Lysosomes
44
Cells contain saclike structures that store materials such as water salts proteins and carbohydrates
Vacuoles
45
Cells are given their shape and internal organization by a supporting structure known as
Cytoskeleton
46
Located near the nucleus and help to organize cell division
Centrioles
47
All cells are surrounded by thin, flexible barrier known as
Cell membrane
48
Plant cells also produce a strong supporting layer around the membrane known as the
Cell wall
49
The composition of nearly all cell membranes is a double layered sheet called a
Lipid bilayer
50
A solution is the map of salute in a given volume of solution, or mass/volume
Concentration
51
The basic unit of life
Cells
52
A fundamental concept of biology
Cell theory
53
The cell theory states
- All living things are composed of cells
- Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things
- New cells are produced from existing cells
54
A large membrane enclosed structure that contains the cells genetic material to form DNA
Nucleus
55
Are cells that contain nuclei
Eukaryotes
56
Are cells that do not contain nuclei
Prokaryotes
57
Many of these structures act as if they are specialized organs, these structures are known as
Organelles
58
The portion of the cell outside of the nucleus
Cytoplasm
59
The nucleus is surrounded by this in composed of two membranes
Nuclear envelopment
60
Consists of DNA bound to protein
Chromatin
61
These distinct, threadlike structures contain the DNA information that is passed from one generation of cells to the next
Chromosome
62
Where the assembly of ribosomes begin
Nucleolus
63
Small particles of RNA and protein found throughout the cytoplasm
Ribosomes
64
Eukaryotic Cells also contain an internal membrane system known as
Endoplasmic reticulum
65
Proteins produced in the rough ER move next into an organelle called the
Golgi apparatus
66
Small organelles filled with enzymes
Lysosomes
67
Cells contain saclike structuresthat store materials such as water salts proteins and carbohydrates
Vacuoles
68
Cells are given their shape and internal organization by a supporting structure known as
Cytoskeleton
69
Located near the nucleus and help to organize cell division
Centrioles
70
All cells are surrounded by thin, flexible barrier known as
Cell membrane
71
Many cells also produce a strong supporting layer around the membrane known as the
Cell wall
72
The composition of nearly all cell membranes is a double layered sheet called a
Lipid bilayer
73
A solution is the map of salute in a given volume of solution, or mass/volume
Concentration
74
Particles tend to move from an area where they are more concentrated to an area where they are less concentrate, process known as
Defusion
75
When the concentration of a solution is the same throughout a system the system has reached
Equilibrium
76
Isotonic means
Same strength
77
Hypertonic means
About strength
78
Hypotonic means
Below strength
79
Active transport requires what
Energy
80
Taking material into the cell by means of enfolding or pockets of the cell membrane
Endocytosis
81
Extensions of cytoplasm surround a particle and package it within a food vacuole. The cell then engulfs it.
Phagocytosis
82
Organisms that are made up of many cells
Multicellular
83
A group of similar cells that perform a particular function
Tissue
84
A group of organs that work together to perform a specific function
Organ system
85
Many tissues working together
Organ
86
Proteins are assembled on what
Ribosomes
87
The nucles contains what
The hereditary information of DNA
88
The ER synthesizes proteins for what
Export from the cell
89
What is the Golgi apparatus function
It modifies, sorts, and packages proteins
90
What modifies, sorts, and packages proteins
Golgi apparatus
91
converts the chemical energy stored in food into components that are more convenient for the cell to use
Mitochondria
92
Organelles that capture the energy from the sunlight and converted to chemical energy in a process called photosynthesis
Chloroplast
93
Regulates what enters and leaves the cell and also provides protection and support
Cell membrane
94
What is the main function of the cell wall
To provide support and protection for the cell
95
The diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane
Osmosis
96
Cells throughout an organism can develop in different ways to perform different tasks
Cell specialization
97
The levels of organization in a multicellular organism are
Individual cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems
98
The process by which a cell divides into two new daughter cells is called
Cell division
99
The first stage in cell division, division of the cell nucleus
Mitosis
100
The second stage in cell division, division of the cytoplasm
Cytokines
101
Usually located near the middle of the chroma tides, although some wine near the ends
Centromeres
102
The series of events that cells go through as they grow and divide
Cell cycle
103
In cell division The cell grows and replicates it's DNA and centrioles
Interphase
104
first Step in mitosis
Prophase
105
Second Step in mitosis
Metaphase
106
Third Step in mitosis
Anaphase
107
Fourth Step in mitosis
Telophase
108
The chromatin condenses into chromosomes. The Centriel separate, and a spindle begins to form. The nuclear envelope breaks down
Prophase
109
Chromosomes line up across the center of the cell. Each chromosome is connected to a spindle fiber at its centromere
Metaphase
110
The sister chromatids separate and individual chromosomes and are moved apart
Anaphase
111
The chromosomes gather at opposite ends of the cell and lose their distinct shapes. To noon nuclear envelopments will form
Telophase
112
Regulates the timing of the cell cycle in the eukaryotic cells
Cyclin
113
A disorder in which some of the body's own cells lose ability to control growth
Cancer
114
Who use an early compound microscope to look at a thin slice of court, plant material
Englishman Robert Hooke
115
What did Hooke discover
Thousands of tiny empty Chambers called cells
116
Who used a single lens microscope to observe Pondwater and other things
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
117
What did Anten van Leeuwenhoek discover
A world of tiny living organisms that seem to be everywhere even in the very water he and his neighbor Drank
118
Concluded that all plants are made of cells
German botanist Matthias schleiden
119
Stated that all animals are made of cells
German biologist Theodore Schwann
120
Concluded that new cells would be produced only from the division of existing cells
German physician Rudolph Virchow
121
The process by which a cell divides into two daughter cells is called
Cell division
122
Compared with small cells, large cells have more trouble
Movie needed materials in in and waste products out
123
What is G2 phase
Preparation for mitosis
124
What can stop normal cells from growing
Contact with other cells
125
As a cell becomes larger
| What happens to the volume and surface area
The volume increases faster than its surface area
126
As a cell grows, what does it do
| 3 things
Places more demand on its DNA
Uses up food and oxygen more quickly
Has more trouble moving enough materials across the cell membrane
127
What happens when a cell comes into contact with other cells
They stop growing
128
What is the process of mitosis in its proper sequence
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
129
How can you remember the proper sequence of mitosis
| Trick
P Mat
130
Cancer is a disorder in which some cells have lost the ability to control their...
Growth rate
131
During which phase of mitosis do the chromosome line up at the middle of the dividing cell
Metaphase
132
Cyclins are a family of closely related proteins that
Regulate the cell cycle
133
What is a tumor
A mass of cancerous cells
134
Diffusion is the movement of particles from
b. an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
135
An animal cell that is surrounded by fresh water will burst because the osmotic pressure causes
water to move into the cell.
136
Which structures carry out cell movement?
microtubules and microfilaments
137
The thin, flexible barrier around a cell is called the
cell membrane.
138
Prokaryotes lack
a nucleus
139
Which organelle makes proteins using coded instructions that come from the nucleus?
ribosome
140
Which term refers to cells having different tasks in an organism?
cell specialization
141
Who was the first person to identify and see cells
Robert Hooke
